The type of tectonic faults plays an important role in issues such as migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons, formation of traps, determination of the direction of prospecting and exploration works, preparation of development projects, etc. For this reason, determining the characteristics type of tectonic faults in the exploration, development and exploitation of oil-gas fields is one of the main problems. There have been a number of approaches communicated both internationally and in local Azerbaijani publications. Juxtaposition diagrams, which are drawn up by taking into account the spatial position of faults and lithological characteristics of the surrounding sediments, are widely used in the search for fault-related traps and in the separation or integration of production objects in fields. It is also possible to determine the amount of shale material entering the fault gouge with these graphs. Considering that the Darvin Bank field is complicated by tectonic faults, the juxtaposition diagrams proposed by Knipe R. J. were used to determine the connection between the tectonic blocks. According to Upper Kirmaki Suite (KSupper) horizon, the faults numbered 11 and 3a in the northwest part of the field are permeable, while faults numbered 3, 6, and 7 are classified as non-permeable. The reliability of the results has been confirmed by the results of Cluster analysis applied in previous studies, and the application of this method in other oil and gas fields of Azerbaijan has been suggested.

Keywords: fault characteristics; permeable or sealing faults; Juxtaposition diagrams; production objects; Cluster analysis; shale gouge ratio.

Date submitted: 07.10.2024     Date accepted: 04.12.2024     Date published: 11.12.2024

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Drilling horizontal wells is known has a problem of ‘non-measurement’ zone of downhole logging devices. In this regard, there is a high probability of leaving the target interval when drilling horizontal wells, and this in turn is fraught with a reduction in the potential flow rate or productivity of the well. In such cases, the importance and necessity of thorough interpretation of gas logs conducted by the geological and technological research station increases. This method allows solving a whole range of tasks, namely: prompt identification of oil and gas promising reservoirs in the well section, study of their filtration-capacity properties and saturation character. At the same time, a special study of drill cuttings microbiota can serve as an additional source of information. DNA sequencing technology of drill cuttings microbiota is proposed as a technique to increase the informativeness of cuttings. Application of this method allows to identify natural biomarkers, as well as to monitor their presence and concentration in various technological processes of drilling and oil and gas production. A comparative analysis of practical application of gas logging and DNA sequencing technology of mud microbiota is presented. Verification of the used methods on the data of geophysical well survey and field geophysical survey is carried out. Identification and comparison of information during drilling of a well with the data obtained during its operation allows to determine with high reliability the source of watering and working oil-saturated intervals.

Keywords: gas logging; geophysical surveys; gas chromatography; horizontal well drilling; drilling cuttings; DNA sequencing; geosteering.

Date submitted: 07.10.2024     Date accepted: 14.12.2024     Date published: 23.12.2024

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The paper shows that the generalized mathematical model of capillary curves implicitly contains analytical connections between filtration and capacitive properties of productive layers. The method of determining the absolute permeability presented in this paper is based on the use of a generalized model. It does not require the preliminary construction of a geological model of the residual water saturation of oil and gas reservoirs. The proposed method uses correlations between current and residual water saturation at a fixed capillary pressure. The proposed statistical model makes it possible to significantly increase the reliability and accuracy of the estimation of absolute permeability according to capillarimetry data.

Keywords: permeability; residual water saturation; capillary pressure; generalized model; analytical connections.

Date submitted: 24.07.2023     Date accepted: 10.03.2024     Date published: 15.04.2024

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This paper introduces a novel epoxy-based nanofluid for sand control in loose reservoirs prone to sand production issues. The nanofluid combines epoxy resin with carbon nitride nanoparticles and a gas generating agent to enhance both compressive strength and permeability. Experimental studies demonstrate significant improvements in compressive strength and permeability, indicating the potential effectiveness of the nanofluid in consolidating sand in oil and gas reservoirs. Sandpack flooding experiments under reservoir conditions reveal promising results, suggesting the nanofluid's suitability for various permeability characteristics. These findings propose the epoxy/g-C₃N₄ nanofluid as a promising solution for sand consolidation, warranting further research and field testing for practical application in reservoir engineering.

Keywords: sand control; epoxy nanofluid; chemical sand consolidation; graphitic carbon nitride; compressive strength enhancement; permeability control.

Date submitted: 06.01.2024     Date accepted: 05.03.2024     Date published: 10.04.2024

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Against the backdrop of increasing water content in wells, the development of more effective methods and technologies for water shutoff is becoming increasingly important. Despite the many methods to combat formation water isolation, this problem is one of the main ones in the exploitation of oil and gas fields. One way to solve the problem is to treat the bottomhole zone with various reagents and create a waterproofing screen in it. An indicator of the effectiveness of a water-insulating screen is the stability time of the screen. The stability time of the water-insulating screen, in addition to other factors associated with the physical characteristics of the insulating composition and the porous medium, depends on its location in the near-well space. Placing the sealant away from the well, where flow rates are lower, is expensive. At the same time, close placement of the insulating composition to the well due to high flow rates increases the likelihood of destruction of the insulating screen. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of insulation work in wells with high water content, the issue of determining the critical flow velocity that destroys the water insulation is of great practical interest. The article demonstrates a methodology for conducting experiments to determine the critical velocity and depression for a specific formation and a water-insulating gel-forming composition. The idea of the presented methodology is to conduct experimental studies on a linear model of a reservoir with different reservoir properties.

Keywords: water shut-off; well stimulation; gel; production; water control; porous media; permeability.

Date submitted: 25.12.2023     Date accepted: 25.04.2024     Date published: 09.05.2024

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The problem of extracting hard-to-recover reserves, which belong to the category of heavy and highly bound oil, is one of the most pressing oil industries. Many mining companies actively use physical and chemical methods to solve this problem. The use of nanotechnology in physical and chemical methods for increasing oil production is a relatively new area. Nanoparticles easily enter the regime, their size allows them to spread more easily in porous media without reducing permeability. The main goal of the research was to reduce oil viscosity and achieve increased production. In order to increase oil recovery, the proposed method for reducing oil viscosity in reservoir conditions based on treating the bottomhole zone of production wells with a solution of caustic soda and nanoparticles affects the dimension of 40-60 nm (concentrations of 1, 0.1 and 0.01 %). The nanoparticles were obtained using an electrical conductor method and studied by transmission electron microscopy. Determination of surface tension using a DSA30 device (Kruss, Germany) using the pendant drop (PD) method. The samples for testing were oil samples, visible wells No. 222761 Binagadi-North, No. 220051 Fatmai area and No. 221937 Kirmaki area, trading company "Binagadi Oil". Based on experimental data, it was found that the proposed composition reduces the viscosity of oil by several times in all three experimental samples, nanoparticles have a positive effect on reducing viscosity, the greatest effect was noted with 0.01% nanoparticles, this composition can be used to increase the production of high-viscosity oils.

Keywords: nanotechnology; metal nanoparticles; enhanced oil recovery; reduce oil viscosity.

Date submitted: 24.02.2024     Date accepted: 04.06.2024     Date published: 30.06.2024 

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Based on a comprehensive study of the process of oil recovery from deposits in carbonate reservoirs of the Tournaisian tier of the Birskaya saddle, a forecast of the final coefficient of oil recovery for deposits that have been in development for a long time was carried out. The choice of the research object is due to the presence of a significant proportion of residual oil reserves, which can potentially be extracted as part of the implementation of an effective and sound asset management strategy. Previously, more than 60 objects were divided into four groups using one of the well-known methods of reducing the dimensionality of the problem ‒ the method of principal components, after which typical dependencies were established that make it possible to successfully group objects. Using statistical forecasting methods, models of the process of developing oil reserves were obtained differentially for various groups of selected objects, including a number of different parameters reflecting, among other things, geological heterogeneity. Based on the results of the interpretation of the obtained dependencies, the areas of their use in the plane of application of artificial intelligence systems in the development of deposits in the natural regime are established. Within the framework of determining the relationships between various parameters and evaluating the reliability of the obtained models, the need for object identification in solving a wide range of tasks to improve the efficiency of operation of both objects involved in the analysis and similar ones in terms of geological and commercial characteristics has been established.

Keywords: oil recovery coefficient; oil field development; computer modeling; carbonate reservoirs of the Tournaisian tier of the Birskaya saddle; identification of objects.

Date submitted: 20.03.2024     Date accepted: 07.06.2024     Date published: 05.07.2024

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The article studies the effect of the well grid density on the final oil recovery coefficient under conditions of various groups of objects in carbonate reservoirs of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. The issue being solved within the framework of this work is one of the most relevant and important when making various management decisions in conditions of uncertainty, significant variability and heterogeneity of geological and field data. More than 500 deposits of carbonate reservoirs were selected for the study, the development of which is carried out on the territory of the Ural-Volga region. To implement an integrated approach, the construction of models was carried out in several interrelated stages. Within the framework of basic modeling, field statistical methods were used to identify dependencies describing at a high quantitative and qualitative level the relationship between the oil recovery coefficient and the density of the well grid before flooding. To obtain the most representative results, a separate approach based on the preliminary division of objects into groups was also used. At the second stage, in addition, a deep differentiation of the initial objects was implemented to determine hidden patterns within already formed groups and a similar construction of models according to which interpretation was performed. When combining the results obtained, it was reliably established that models for assessing the degree of reserve production from the density of the well grid should be built not only in general by tectonic and stratigraphic elements, but also differentially by groups identified as a result of in-depth identification of development sites. It is proposed to use the obtained dependencies to solve the problems of optimizing the density of the well grid for both long-term oil deposits under development and newly commissioned and at the stage of drafting the first design documents.

Keywords: well grid density; oil recovery coefficient; modeling; grouping of deposits of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province; deep identification of objects; carbonate reservoirs.

Date submitted: 15.03.2024     Date accepted: 20.04.2024     Date published: 05.07.2024

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The article is devoted to the topical issue of optimizing flooding in the development of deposits using a reservoir pressure maintenance system. In conditions of low permeability and weak reservoir connectivity, when water is injected into the injection well, when the injection pressure exceeds the pressure of rock rupture, auto-fracturing cracks occur. In order to ensure the maximum coverage factor of the reservoir by flooding during the development of the field, it is necessary to initiate and maintain the optimal fracture geometry of the auto-fracturing. The aim of the work is to analyze the modes of cyclic regulation of injection into the reservoir to maintain the optimal size of man-made cracks during the development of the field. The article presents the results of hydrodynamic modeling of flooding options with varying injection and shutdown times of injection wells, taking into account the geomechanical patterns of the spread of man-made cracks in the formation. Based on the results of the calculations performed, based on the forecast characteristics of displacement and the rate of oil extraction, the optimal modes of cyclic reservoir flooding were determined. The work is of great commercial importance, which is confirmed by the positive effect in the form of additional oil production within the framework of pilot tests of the proposed scheme.

Keywords: self-induced hydraulic fracture; low-permeability reservoir; waterflood; water injection system; horizontal well; bottom hole pressure; reservoir pressure; fracture half-length; periodic injection of water.

Date submitted: 18.03.2024     Date accepted: 25.04.2024     Date published: 05.07.2024

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To maintain reservoir pressure above the saturation pressure of oil with gas and effectively displace oil from the reservoir, flooding remains an established operating practice in the fields of the Russian Federation. In recent years, theoretical and practical research into this method of operation has been actively developing. Thus, the low efficiency of oil displacement by flooding has been established in conditions of low oil mobility compared to water, which is especially evident in heterogeneous reservoirs. The highest reduction in the efficiency of the process of replacing oil with water is observed during the development of highly viscous oil fields. For these difficult conditions, polymer flooding technology is especially promising, because the polymer, thickening the water, increases its viscosity, increasing the displacing ability of water. However, for the practical application of polymer flooding, it is necessary to optimize the process by justifying technological parameters (polymer concentration, injection rate) to achieve maximum efficiency. For this purpose, the paper presents a methodological approach based on the use of a nature-inspired optimization algorithm ‒ a flock of migratory birds, used to solve a number of practical nonlinear optimization problems.

Keywords: flooding; polymer compositions; mathematical modeling; optimization objective function; nature-inspired algorithms; migrating bird algorithm; net present value.

Date submitted: 18.07.2023     Date accepted: 25.04.2024     Date published: 22.07.2024

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This paper presents an experimental study devoted to determining the prospects for the integrated application of stochastic and numerical computer modeling methods to solve one of the fundamental problems of field development – assessing current oil recovery based on various parameters that reflect the properties of productive formations and their saturating fluids. The object of the study was the long-term deposits of the Volga–Ural oil and gas province. As part of the initial stage, a discriminant analysis was carried out according to the tectonic-stratigraphic criterion, as a result of which three clusters of homogeneous objects were formed based on seventeen parameters. When interpreting the distribution of deposits in the axes of canonical discriminant functions, the unstable parameter of the total thickness of the reservoir was replaced by one of the variable indicators selected using the digital implementation of the uniform search method and its interpretation using known approaches. In order to reduce the influence factor of the uncertainty zone that arises when considering objects in the axes of canonical discriminant functions, the method of constructing structured grids was used. The reliability and scope of the obtained dependence were established using the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno optimization algorithm. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using the developed scientific and methodological approach to forecasting oil recovery at different values of the well grid density.

Keywords: oil recovery coefficient; modeling of nonlinear systems; deposits of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province; tectonic and stratigraphic confinement of objects; stochastic and numerical methods of computer analysis and data processing; development of oil fields, geological and field parameters.

Date submitted: 19.07.2024     Date accepted: 02.09.2024     Date published: 16.09.2024

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The issues of high-quality hydrodynamic studies of wells are relevant at any stage of the development of an oil field. The reliability and reliability of the results depend on the significant technological indicators of the development of deposits, deposits and the parameters of the operation of individual wells. This paper presents a new approach to the analysis of hydrodynamic studies of wells by the method of steady-state sampling, based on cluster analysis. The steady-state sampling method is a significant and most effective tool in analyzing measurements of continuous monitoring systems, which allows you to obtain more reliable data for further use in solving various development tasks. The new clustering-based method improves the quality of analysis and reduces the negative impact of the human factor on the success of data operations. This is achieved by automatically dividing the data into groups or clusters, which allows you to more accurately determine the characteristics of steady-state modes. The article provides a detailed description of the new method, its advantages and possibilities of application in the practice of analyzing hydrodynamic studies of wells based on data from continuous monitoring systems. The obtained results of testing the presented approach to the analysis of large amounts of information in a single research plane allow us to say about the high level of its relevance and the possibility of further improvement of algorithms, which will reduce the level of uncertainty in the implementation of digital diagnostics of well operation.

Keywords: well testing; permanent downhole gauges (PDG); telemetry systems; inflow performance relationship (IPR); reservoir pressure; clustering; machine learning methods; multilayer systems.

Date submitted: 18.07.2024     Date accepted: 03.09.2024     Date published: 16.09.2024

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The deposition of paraffin on pipeline walls is a serious flow issue. leading to a reduction in oil production due to the decreased flow cross-sectional area. and in severe cases. to complete blockage. This problem also results in increased energy consumption and causes failure of surface equipment due to paraffin plugs. Traditional methods predict paraffin crystallization temperature by considering the impact of temperature on the solubility parameters of individual components in both liquid and solid phases as well as their molar volumes. The goal of this study is to improve the prediction of paraffin deposition in Kazakhstan crude oil by incorporating an evaluation of melting properties into the multi-solid (MS) body prediction model. The process of calculating and adjusting melting properties to enhance the accuracy of the MS model is described in detail. This approach helps to overcome the limitations faced by most existing models when adapting to different types of crude oil. In this study, the focus is on optimizing the multi-solid (MS) body prediction model for paraffin deposition by integrating the melting properties of crude oil components. The improvement of the MS model is crucial because paraffin deposition is a significant issue in Kazakhstan's oil fields, where the wide range of reservoir conditions can cause standard prediction models to fall short. By enhancing the accuracy of melting point calculations, the updated model can better predict the onset of paraffin crystallization and its deposition tendencies under varying pressure and temperature conditions.

Keywords: melting properties; multi solid solution; petroleum; solid solution; paraffin deposition.

Date submitted: 11.09.2024     Date accepted: 25.09.2024     Date published: 11.10.2024

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The purpose of the technology's development is to reduce the skin effect and restore the permeability of wells, which have experienced a significant reduction in permeability for various reasons, including contamination of the filter zone by oil-based drilling fluids during drilling. The developed alkaline-based new chemical composition, "LiquiPerfPro", reduces the interfacial surface tension on the rock surfaces contaminated by oil-based drilling fluid in the near-wellbore zone, altering the wetting angle in favor of oil and creating a hydrophilic surface. Additionally, it removes the oil screen formed on the weighting components present in the drilling fluid and reduces adhesion forces. After reacting with the oil-based component, the weighting components undergo segregation, increasing their ability to migrate and enabling them to be easily displaced from the pores. Furthermore, after the weighting particles are cleaned from the oil screen, their surfaces become open to other solvents, allowing the application of other traditional methods for deeper cleaning of contamination. Moreover, the "LiquiPerfPro" reagent, due to its physico-chemical properties, has the ability to penetrate a significant distance from the wellbore into the drainage area. The application of the "LiquiPerfPro" reagent is also favorable for lithologically weakly cemented rocks, as it does not create the risk of formation collapse, unlike traditional acid treatment methods, and does not damage the matrix. The reagent can be applied to both production and injection wells.

Keywords: Alkali; acid; permeability; reservoir model; wellbore zone; new chemical composition; surfactant; organic solvent; oil-based drilling mud.

Date submitted: 21.08.2024     Date accepted: 20.10.2024     Date published: 05.11.2024

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Studying the potential of long-term operated fields and evaluating their efficiency requires the application of modern approaches. In this regard, by using three-dimensional geological and hydrodynamic models of the Pirallahi Island field, various complex impact mechanisms were modeled, as well as the solution of the mentioned issues based on the established model was considered on the basis of simulation to maintain the development rate of the field and increase the oil production rate. When there is no accurate information about the initial condition of the field, as well as when the data is partially insufficient and inaccurate in some intervals of the long-term production performance, methods of restoring information in different ways for building a hydrodynamic model were investigated, and ways to minimize the negative impact of this type of uncertainty on the model were also studied. For this purpose, a new method called intermediate initialization was developed and applied to the construction of the reservoir model. On the basis of the established model, a more efficient method of field exploitation, water injection into formations, optimal placement of new production and injection wells was selected, modeling was carried out for various options and scenarios, a plan of necessary measures was drawn up to maximize the life of the field, development parameters were predicted and the results were compared.

Keywords: field; formation; well; development; model; information recovery; intermediate initialization method; prediction.

Date submitted: 21.07.2024     Date accepted: 10.10.2024     Date published: 05.11.2024

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19. Suleimanov, B. A., Abbasov, E. M., Dyshin, O. A. (2008). Application of wavelet transforms to the solution of boundary value problems for linear parabolic equations. Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 48(2), 251-268.
20. Suleimanov, B. A., Feyzullayev, Kh. A., Abbasov, E. M. (2019). Numerical simulation of water shut-off performance for heterogeneous composite oil reservoirs. Applied and Computational Mathematics, 18(3), 261-271.
21. Suleimanov, B. A., Feyzullayev, Kh. A. (2019). Numerical simulation of water shut-off for heterogeneous composite oil reservoirs. SPE-198388-MS. In: SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference, Baku, Azerbaijan.
22. Gurianov, A., Katashov, A., Ovchinnikov, K., et al. (2019). Estimation of the largest russian oil field development efficiency using the combination of hydrodynamic modeling and horizontal well production logging methods using markers. SPE-196846-MS. In: SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference, Moscow, Russia.

Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, allows computers to learn and improve from data without explicit programming. Machine learning algorithms are categorized into supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each serving different applications such as classification, clustering, and decision-making. In the oil and gas industry, machine learning is applied to drilling processes, reservoir characterization, and exploration. It improves efficiency in predicting reservoir properties, optimizing drilling parameters, and detecting anomalies. The methodology for analyzing well trajectory includes evaluating survey data with calculation methods like tangential, balanced tangential, average angle, radius of curvature, and minimum curvature. These methods help optimize wellbore paths. This study outlines control criteria essential for optimizing borehole trajectory management in oil and gas well drilling. The deviation correction criterion aims to maintain the borehole path within a designated trajectory, minimizing deviation from the planned design profile. Optimal control conditions are defined through mathematical criteria involving radius vectors and design trajectory alignment. The control framework incorporates efficiency measures, calculating the trajectory's costeffectiveness and operational constraints. Machine learning algorithms facilitate these control strategies, focusing particularly on zenith angle correction for trajectory stabilization. These methods provide adaptable options for deflector angle and correction length, ensuring alignment with target intervals. The approach enhances trajectory accuracy, minimizes costs, and complies with technical, geological, and technological constraints inherent to drilling. Software incorporating machine learning and these methods was developed and tested, demonstrating improvements in analyzing survey data and optimizing well trajectory, contributing to more efficient drilling operations and reduced costs.

Keywords: machine learning; mathematical models; control criteria; well trajectory optimization; survey data analysis; calculation methods.

Date submitted: 10.08.2024     Date accepted: 15.10.2024     Date published: 05.11.2024

References

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This study is a continuation of the authors' previous works on dynamic system modeling, where a new “discrete-imitation concept” was developed. A methodology for its application to the computational modeling of “pump-well-reservoir” systems was proposed and computational studies were conducted for a hypothetical well using a simulator developed based on this concept. The relationship between pumping rate, pump fillage, and stroke speed has been thoroughly analyzed. The conditions for the transition to intermittent mode have been established. This work aims to utilize a simulator based on the author's concept to optimize a real sucker-rod pump well at very low reservoir pressure and productivity. For this purpose, Well No. 1220 at the Bibi-Heybat field (Azerbaijan) was selected. The study investigates the effects of operational parameters on overall well efficiency. The results show that increasing stroke speed to 5.0 1/min slightly improves production by 0.14%, while reducing it to 3.0 1/min increases pump fillage but reduces output. Depth adjustments show that deeper pump installations improve production, with a 8.33% increase observed at a depth of 133.3 m. Notably, intermittent operation with 28% active daily time achieves production levels comparable to continuous pumping while reducing energy consumption and costs. It has been established that increasing the stroke speed from 4 to 5 1/min and lowering the pump installation depth by 6 meters increases the production rate by 10.4%. The results ultimately confirmed the validity of the new concept. These findings also underscore the practical value of the proposed simulator in energy and efficiency optimization of sucker-rod pumping systems.

Keywords: discrete imitation; reservoir modeling; pumping optimization; sucker-rod pump; stroke speed; intermittent pumping.

Date submitted: 16.08.2024     Date accepted: 14.11.2024     Date published: 21.11.2024

References

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The work is devoted to improving the processes of developing layers of terrigenous objects of one of the deposits of the Ural-Volga region and improving the technical and economic performance of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. At the moment, most of the fields in the oil-bearing territory under consideration are characterized by high rates of reserve production, which are accompanied by a significant increase in waterlogging and complications affecting the completeness of resource extraction. However, with the general trend towards the development of reserves in the fields, deposits and areas of the zone with low production are often distinguished, characterized by low permeability and high heterogeneity, including in highly productive development facilities. The authors conducted a review of hydraulic fracturing methods in world and Russian practice. The classification of hydraulic fracturing methods and the features of its implementation are described. In the conditions of the field under consideration, the domestic experience of hydraulic fracturing and modern technologies in the design of hydraulic fracturing are analyzed. The influence of geological, technological factors and features of the development of the research object on the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing has been studied. The regularities of the influence of geological and technological parameters on the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing have been revealed, which can be successfully taken into account when designing operations in various geological and physical conditions of development. Based on the results of combining the results of the study, a number of conclusions were made that reduce the risks of making low-effective management decisions, which, in conditions of the need for operational development of residual oil reserves, is an integral part of the strategy of subsurface users.

Keywords: hydraulic fracturing; terrigenous reservoir; colmatation; bottom-hole formation zone; reperforation; waterlogging; fluid flow rate; displacement characteristics.

Date submitted: 01.10.2024     Date accepted: 02.12.2024     Date published: 10.12.2024

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Based on laboratory experiments on destruction of oil emulsions of various fields a new effective composition of demulsifier has been developed. The article investigates the demulsifying and inhibiting properties of the new composition for breaking oil emulsions. The known technologies were studied, and numerous experiments were carried out to investigate the new composition. The requirement of low density of components was fulfilled, which is an important property of the obtained composition, high demulsification at low consumption of the composition was achieved, and high inhibitory properties of this composition regarding well equipment were provided. The composition based on homogeneous mixture of polyethylene polyamine with rosin and methanol has low cost, is characterised by simplicity and ease of preparation. The proposed composition differs from many known demulsifiers by simplicity of preparation in field conditions, high efficiency. The developed composition provides sufficiently high results even at a small consumption compared to known demulsifiers, while its price is much cheaper. The proposed composition can also be used as a corrosion inhibitor. Economic efficiency of the proposed composition is achieved by reducing the concentration from 150 mg/l according to the prototype to 100 mg/l. In addition, the composition is easily prepared in field conditions, including offshore oil fields, and is also characterised by high inhibiting properties. When 0.1% of rosin is added to methanol, the inhibiting ability of methanol increases 5 times, i.e. it allows the composition to be used as a corrosion inhibitor in an aggressive environment with the presence of hydrogen sulphide.

Keywords: oil-water emulsion; demulsification; well; composition; rosin; methanol.

Date submitted: 30.09.2024     Date accepted: 29.11.2024     Date published: 04.12.2024

References

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One of the solutions to reduce capital and operating costs for oil production can be the development of energy-intensive equipment with increased reliability characteristics. The work is devoted to the study of the design of a volumetric multistage roller rotary pump. Experimentally observing the behavior of fluid inside a pump during operation is expensive, but predictive tools based on computational fluid dynamics, have emerged as a viable alternative approach to pump design and optimization. The article presents the results of a numerical study of a roller pump in the Ansys Fluent software package using a dynamically tunable mesh by the overset mesh method. A method for studying the working volume of chambers separated by roller partitions is proposed. Analysis of the pump operation showed the characteristic pulsation of the values of the main parameters. For a pump with an operating speed of 3000 rpm, a chamber diameter of 40 mm and a productivity at a given speed of 15 m³/day, an increase in amplitude is observed at the initial moment of time and after about 6 seconds from the beginning of the simulation a quasi-stationary mode appears. The flow rate at the outlet is 1 mm/s, at the inlet 0.5 mm/s, the torque values on the pump shaft are in the range from -0.02 N·mm to 0.14 N·mm, the shaft power is from ‒ 2 N·mm/s to 12 N·mm/s, shaft rotation speed from 70 to 130 rps. All pump parameters correlate with the fluid flow rate at the pump inlet.

Keywords: fuel and energy complex; oil and gas industry; well equipment; volumetric rotor pump; computational fluid dynamics; numerical simulation; moving mesh.

Date submitted: 24.07.2023     Date accepted: 10.03.2024     Date published: 29.07.2024

References

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In order to improve the design and increase the technical characteristics of pump and compressor equipment, computational modeling of fluid dynamics is used. Numerical research techniques of positive displacement machines are quite diverse and are widely used for vane and gerotor pumps. The roller rotary pump considered in this work is used for oil production in the sidetracks of oil wells. The difference in the design is the use of rollers as partitions separating the working chambers of the pump. The authors of the article propose a method for studying the movement of rollers in the Ansys (Fluent) software package, and related issues of creating userdefined functions (UDF) to describe reciprocating motion using the macro DEFINE_CG_MOTION (name, dt, vel, omega, time, dtime). It is shown that the result of calculating the movement speed in ansys fluent differs from the graph of the given function. A sine law is substantiated to describe the speed of movement of the roller’s center of mass. The method for determining the coefficients in a sinusoidal dependence is described and it is shown how these coefficients affect the movement of the roller. The results obtained in the study can be used when performing verification of analytical calculation methods with finite element modeling data using UDF Ansys, and will also help young researchers understand the writing of UDF DEFINE_CG_MOTION.

Keywords: fuel and energy complex; oil and gas industry; well equipment; volumetric pump; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); numerical simulation; moving mesh; User Define Function (UDF).

Date submitted: 20.07.2023     Date accepted: 10.03.2024     Date published: 29.07.2024

References

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In existing sucker-rod pumping units the lower end of the rod string which hanged from the wireline hanger is directly connected with the plunger of the well pump. So, the plunger of the well pump is moving up and down according to the movement of the hanger after the deformation is ended and then the fluid is raised to the surface from the formation. The wireline hanger is affected by the weights of the rod string, the lifted fluid column and the dynamic loads when it is in an upward movement. To reduce the loads on the wireline hanger and increase the operating efficiency of the pumping unit, a hydraulic transmission mechanism operating on the principle of the hydraulic press was used in the intermediate part of the rod string. The rod string hanged from the wireline hanger is connected to the rod-shaped piston of the hydraulic transmission mechanism, and the groove-shaped piston of the mechanism is connected to the rod string of the well pump plunger. Due to the installed hydraulic transmission mechanism in the rod string, the plunger of the pump moves downwards in the upward movement of the rod string, and vice versa in the downward movement of the rod string, the plunger of the pump rises and lifts the liquid. As a result, the maximum and minimum loads on the hanger are reduced by more than 2 times.

Keywords: rod pump unit; pump compressor pipe; well pump; rod string; wireline hanger; deformation; stroke length; inertial forces; frictional forces; hydraulic press; hydraulic transmission mechanism; dynamometer card.

Date submitted: 19.04.2024     Date accepted: 14.11.2024     Date published: 21.11.2024

References

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The implementation in the information system for remote monitoring (ISRM) of the technical condition of gas turbine engines (GTE) of a new method (hereinafter referred to as the Method) for early detection of deterioration in the technical condition of the rotor supports of a power turbine (PT) GTE is considered. The method is based on an expert rule, which analyzes the parameters of the engine oil system. The distinctive advantages of the Method are the possibility of use when atmospheric conditions and engine operating modes change, as well as its versatility. Automatic monitoring of the technical condition of the GTE in real-time mode and automated analysis of changes in the historical values of its operating parameters depending on time, performed in the ISRM, make it possible to timely identify the deterioration of the technical condition of engine components and carry out their maintenance or repair. The structure and graphical user interface of the ISRM are considered. The algorithm that implements the Method is described in detail, the script in which this algorithm is programmed, and the graphical user interface created to display and analyze the results of applying the Method are described. The procedure for testing the ISRM functionality created for the application of the Method using the historical values of the GTE parameters is outlined. The implementation of the Method in ISRM showed its openness and versatility for the implementation of new methods for diagnosing equipment using algorithms for analytical processing of the values of its operating parameters.

Keywords: remote monitoring of the technical condition; gas turbine engine; real-time mode; new method for assessing technical condition; implementation of the method; power turbine rotor support; early detection of faults; reduction of operating costs.

Date submitted: 18.03.2024     Date accepted: 03.12.2024     Date published: 11.12.2024

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The development of oil and gas fields located in the shelf zones of seas and oceans is associated with the creation of a special infrastructure. This required the development and construction of special hydraulic structures, facilities and the development of technological processes that meet the conditions for organizing work on drilling, production and transportation of oil and gas from offshore fields. Ensuring the normal operation of offshore wells is associated with the development of the field, which requires the laying of underwater product pipelines, the construction of tank farms, installations for oil preparation and loading it into tankers, gas compressor and pumping stations, special installations for water purification and pumping it into the reservoir, etc. The intermediate section is made in the form of separate vertical piles, connected at the top by beams with reinforced concrete flooring laid on them. Large section bored piles are widely used in the various kinds of buildings. In the present article the manufacturing technique and principles for determining the bearing capacity of large section bored piles with a “hard core” were considered. Technological parameters of large section bored piles with a “hard core” are given in manufacturing in urban area hear existing buildings, and structures and also in the construction of offshore structures. The data on determination of bearing capacity of single bored piles with a “hard core” are discussed. It was established that these piles bear much larger horizontal and vertical loads, and are the most cost effective than precast and bored piles.

Keywords: Bored piles, “hard core”, soil resistance, casing pipe inventory, hanging pile grillage.

Date submitted: 01.10.2024     Date accepted: 10.12.2024     Date published: 18.12.2024

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The article presents the research results of the thermocatalytic transformation of fuel oil of West-Siberian oil in a batch reactor at atmospheric pressure, the active component of the catalyst is a metal chloride complex on a carrier, which is used as a deeply decationized Y zeolite in the H-form (HYmmm ‒ decationization degree 94%) with a hierarchical structure: micro-, meso-, macroporous. The process of applying the active additive to the surface of the carrier was carried out through a high-temperature melt of a metal chloride complex based on metal chlorides VIII MPT in order to increase the acidity of the cracking catalyst. To determine the structure and composition of the catalysts, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used. The basic diagram of the laboratory installation is described and the experimental results are compared when varying the process temperature and the volumetric feed rate of raw materials. It has been shown that the use of a zeolite-containing HYmmm catalyst with a 5% addition of an active metal chloride complex leads to an increase in the yield of light cracking products (boiling point ‒ 350 °C) at a relatively low temperature of 450 °C and a volumetric feed rate of 3 h^-1 with 30.7% wt. up to 47.3 wt.% at a volumetric feed rate of 2 h^-1. It was also found that the highest yield of lower (C₂-C₄) olefins is 20.7% wt. observed at a temperature of 550 °C and a volumetric feed rate of 1 h^-1. Based on the results of experimental data, the process of thermocatalytic transformation of fuel oil was optimized using “desirability” profiling in the STATISTICA software by modeling the characteristics of the process and equations describing these mathematical models were obtained.

Keywords: catalytic cracking; fuel oil of West-Siberian oil; metal chloride complex; gasoline fraction; light hydrocarbons; X-ray diffraction analysis; scanning electron microscopy; differential thermal analysis.

Date submitted: 18.07.2023     Date accepted: 25.04.2024     Date published: 22.07.2024

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Currently, the issue of expanding the raw material base to increase the production of diesel fuels and improve their environmental performance is a relevant and important area. One of the types of raw materials for the production of alternative types of biofuels for diesel engines are vegetable oils. The use of bioadditives can reduce the emission of harmful substances compared to the use of petroleum diesel fuels. In this article, the features of using diesel fuels with the addition of mixtures of methyl esters of sesame oil in diesel engines are studied for the first time. Mixtures of fatty acid esters of sesame oil were obtained by direct transesterification of sesame oil with methyl alcohol at a temperature of 80-90 °C in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The results of the study established for the first time that the addition of sesame oil and methyl esters synthesized on its basis as additional components of diesel fuel in the amount of 3 and 5% by weight, respectively, improves the cetane number of diesel fuel by up to 7 points, as well as reduces emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases by 25% rel. Some weight gain of the fuel is observed ‒ the values of density, kinematic viscosity, concentration of actual resins and iodine number increase. It is shown that the production of diesel fuel with the addition of mixtures of methyl esters of sesame oil allows to significantly expand resources and obtain diesel fuels with improved environmental characteristics.

Keywords: diesel fuel; sesame oil; sesame oil esters; environmental characteristics.

Date submitted: 10.10.2023     Date accepted: 10.12.2024     Date published: 19.12.2024

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The loading of the doxorubicin drug into a new polyethylene glycol-polypeptide based temperature-sensitive hydrogel and the investigation of its properties have been carried out. It was determined that during the immobilization of the drug, equilibrium is reached, and saturation occurs within 3 hours in a solution with an initial antibiotic concentration of approximately 4.8 mg/mL. Currently, 84-87 % of the drug is adsorbed, meaning that 100 mg of gel drug capacity was 405.8 mg/gr. The samples were kept in different pH solutions (pH = 2, 7.4, and 8.6) at 37 °C, and the release of doxorubicin was kinetically studied over intervals ranging from 0-300 minutes. It was determined that changes in the ionic strength of the solution lead to a change in the polarity degree of the chemical bond between the hydrogel and doxorubicin. The results of doxorubicin release from the gel were tested against various kinetic models, including zero-order, first-order, Higuchi square root law, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Hixson-Crowell square root models. When applying the kinetic results of doxorubicin release from the gel to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, in acidic and neutral mediums, the value of n > 1, which is attributed to the breaking of protein segments in the terminal groups of the matrix. This makes the creation of thin-coated drug formulations from the matrix more advantageous. In an alkaline medium, however, n < 1, indicating that the release follows a non-Fickian mechanism, characterized by both diffusion and erosion. To ensure release in an alkaline medium, it is more appropriate to prepare cylindrical, spherical, or film-type drug forms from the PEG-Ala-Asp gel. Also, since the gel formation time can be adjusted, such systems can be recommended as analogues of injectable thermosetting insulation composites for the oil and gas industry.

Keywords: temperature sensitive; polyethyenglycol; polypeptide gel; release kinetic; doxorubicine.

Date submitted: 10.10.2024     Date accepted: 11.12.2024     Date published: 18.12.2024

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