The article is devoted to the estimation of the generation potential of the low permeable shale strata of the Maikop Caucasian series, with which favorable conditions for the formation of «shale» HC accumulations are associated. Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in shale low-permeability strata are often associated with the development areas of immature, but «rich» and «very rich» potentially petroleum-based rocks that are at the initial stage of the main phase of oil formation or on the approaches to it. The concentration of TOC in them can reach the first tens of percent. By «shale oil» is meant the oil of parachute congestions in low-permeable high-bituminous, enriched sapropel OM strata. For a reliable estimation of the generation potential of the parent rock, it is necessary to take into account the initial values of TOC and HI. The recovered hydrocarbons from the oil-and-gas-bearing shales will be contained in the formation at the concentration that has arisen as a result of their generation of insitu. The main criterion for the search for shale hydrocarbons is not a trap, where hydrocarbons accumulate and deposits are formed, but directly the oil-bearing rocks in which hydrocarbons were formed, but from which their emigration did not occur. Based on the analysis of the geophysical and geochemical characteristics of the shale low-permeability reservoirs of the Khadum Formation of the Ciscaucasia, a methodical approach was proposed for estimating TOC values from them in accordance with gamma-ray logging data. This significantly expands the possibilities for TOC estimation in the well sections, since core sampling is limited. There is an opportunity to more quickly identify promising areas for the search for hydrocarbon accumulations in them.

Keywords: Maykop series; Non-traditional resources; Shale hydrocarbons; Generation; Prospecting and exploration.

References

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The article shows ways for geological exploration efficiency upgrading in the search for oil and gas prospects in the Bukhara-Khiva region (BKhR) of Uzbekistan. Resource-saving electrical technique in combination with thermo-geochemical surveying are proposed to conduct for local prediction of hydrocarbon accumulation zones and for detecting channels of deep heat and mass transfer in BKhR. The integration of methods will enable to shorten the terms for identifying and preparing objects within separate areas by identifying prospects for oil and gas deposits discovery through MOGT-3D seismic survey.

Keywords: Electric prospecting; Magnetotelluric sounding (MTS); Geoelectric section; Deep heat and mass transfer channels; Thermo-geochemical survey; Conductive anomalous zone; Geosolitons.

References

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Estimation of initial reservoir pressures and temperatures at depths of 6500 m and more and forecasting of stratigraphic intervals of manifestations of abnormally high reservoir pressures and phase state of hydrocarbons in deposits is one of the most important tasks of designing and conducting superdeep wells. In addition, clarifying the features of the distribution of these parameters in deep depos its is of considerable significance when solving the development issues. In this connection, the curves for the dependences T=f(H) and P_f=f(H) are presented, and the mean pressure and temperature are plotted. If, the change in temperature with depth is not rectilinear, but occurs according to a parabolic law with respect to the depth axis, on the contrary of the trend P_f=f(H), in the upper intervals is a straight line, and at a depth of 2500-6300 m, the rate of increase in reservoir pressure increases sharply And in the further growth of depth it asymptotically approaches the value of the geostatic pressure. The problems of hydrocarbon distribution by their phase states are considered depending on the thermobaric parameters, where five thermodynamic zones are clearly distinguished.

Keywords: Reservoir pressure; Hydrostatic pressure; Temperature; Productie strata; Deposit.

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Earthquakes, volcanoes, a solar activity, luni-solar affluxes influence on oil and gas accumulations and the structure of these deposits is determined by rotational, horizontal and vertical tectonic movements. In article, basd on GPS observation data, the authors suppose that in limits of The Caspian-Guba oil and gas bearing areas vertical, in a zone of buried highs of Kurdamir-Saatly-Mugan rotational, and within the Kura depression, horizontal tectonic movements will play a direct role in the formation of hydrocarbon deposits.

Keywords: Arabian table; Travel of oil; Field; Intercontinental strain; Kinematic lam ina; Subduksions.

References

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Hydrochemical section in the region has been shaped under influence of frequent change of catchment and discharge areas. The composition and changes are considered in sedimentary organic matter. In the section considered the richest in sedimentary organic matter are Maykop sediments. The sum of methane-naphthene and aromatic hydrocarbons is dependent on genetic type of bitumoids. The catagenetical transformation degree of oil in Tarsdallar oilfield has been determined using gas-liquid chromatography method. The analysis carried out resulted in suggesting the deeply subsided Creatceous-Paleogene strata as priority directions for geologic exploration. To properly assess the prospects of oil and gas in deep horizons, a depth map of the isotherm of 100 °C has been drawn, as well as areas are recommended for gas and gas condensate accumulations prospecting.

Keywords: Sedimentary organic matter;  Bitumoids; Hydrochemical zonality; Temperature interval.

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The results of a study of the influence of vegetable origin additives on the aggregative stability of petroleum disperse systems, which is dependent on asphaltenes, are set out. The inhibitory action of the additives, synthesized in laboratory conditions from rapeseed and castor oil processing products, was compared with industrial additives. The average diameter of dispersed phase particles and the stability factor of the system were determined. The precipitation process was accelerated by centrifugation. Comparison of the average diameter of the particles in the upper and lower layers of the centrifugate showed a significant decrease in their difference when using vegetable origin additives. The best result was obtained with 0.09% additives. The effectiveness of their action corresponds to the results of tested industrial additives. The analysis of IR spectra and spectral coefficients allowed us to interpret changes in the functional groups of petroleum which occur in the presence of synthesized vegetable origin additives as well as industrial additives.

Keywords: Petroleum; Vegetable oil; Additive; Inhibitor; Stability; IR spectrum.

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The article discusses the results of local acid treatment of key wells situated in the selected area of the deposit. This technique allows not only to recover wellinjection capacity, but also to increase the area sweep efficiency both accordingto the formation thickness and its strike, which helps to increase oil recovery.The method for effectiveness evaluation of the deposit stimulation techniquehas been proposed. It is based on calculation of formation system hydrodynamic characteristics with the account of well interference. Based on the geophysical welllogging data (GWL), the area sweep efficiency is determined in accordance withthe formation area and thickness. The proposed method has been implementedon the basis of the data of the Zhetybai (Kazakhstan) deposit.

Keywords: Low-permeability reservoir; Oil recovery; Treanment; Acidizing; Surface efficiency; Spot formation stimulation

References

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4. M.M.Isgandarov. Some results of modeling electrical resistivity (on the example of deposits of the South-Absheron Aquatorium Zone and the northern part of the Baku Archipelago) //SOCAR Proceedings». –2017. –No. 2. –P.4-12.
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6. N.I.Huseynova. Hydrodynamic express monitoring of zonal impact on productive reservoirs of oil fields taking into account well interference //The electronic scientific journal «Oil and Gas Business». –2017. –Vol.15. –No.3. –P.41-46.

An indicator of the wettability of formation rocks U1-1 Vasyugan Suite (hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity) depends on the reservoir characteristics and composition of oil deposits. Oil fields are characterized as paraffin-naphthene and contain hydrocarbons: naphthenic-27 wt.% (Deposit 1, M1), 61 wt.% (M2); paraffin – 72 wt.% (M1), 22 wt.% (M2.) The increase in the paraffin content in the fluid (M1) creates the conditions of high water-repellency of the rock. M1 rocks have a porosity coefficient of 14-16, the prevailing pore sizes are 0.69-1.69 and 1.62-3.90 μm, which determines the sorption of paraffinic hydrocarbons. An indicator of the wettability of rocks has a value of 0.20-0.35, the wettability is defined as «predominantly hydrophobic». The smaller characteristic pore size M2 – porosity 12-13.5%, 1.62-of 3.90 μm, and prevents waterrepellency of the rock. Wettability of rocks M2 is characterized as «predominantly hydrophilic», the index of wettability is 0.62 and 0.75. The wettability index on cracking pressure dependences determining the beginning of fluid displacement are constructed. Hydrophobic rocks M1 are characterized by lower values of shear pressure-0.195 kgf/cm², for hydrophilic rocks M2 it is – 0.571 kgf/cm².

Keywords: Wettability; Water flowing; Resin-asphaltene substances; Pressure shift; Paraffins; Petrographic thin sections; Adsorption

References

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The article studies results of tests on the selection of a demulsifier for breakinga mixture of water-oil emulsions at various settling times and temperature, depending on the specific agent consumption, as well as the effect of various demulsifiers on the emulsion breaking. As a result of studies, it has been found that ND-type demulsifier (ND-1/5 and ND-1/5-43) ensures maximum dehydrationunder certain test conditions. The base demulsifier F-929 and demulsifiers ND-1/5, ND-1/5-43, are compatible for breaking of the common water-oil emulsion CPPN «Prorva». Kinetic dependence curves of the water release from oil-water emulsion mixture under the action of demulsifiers on the time are adjacent, that is, demulsifying pairs are compatible. Desalinization of a water-oil emulsion mixture using demulsifier ND-1/5 proceeds more intensively compared to demulsifier F-929. And even more intensively with their joint use.

Keywords: Oil-water emulsion; Demulsifier; Demulsification; Residual water; Dehydration.

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