The article is devoted to such an urgent task as determining th e geological and field parameters for estimating the hydrocarbon reserves of the Umid-Babek prospective structure. Therefore, the geological and field parameters dependence of the fields located in anticlinal line investigated. Base on results was possible to estimate more reliably hydrocarbon reserves, to make plan exploration in the right direction and to design a development plan.

Keywords: anticline; reserves; sructure; hydrocarbon; development.

References

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3. B.A.Bagirov. Geologicheskie problemy razrabotki neftyanyh mestorozhdenij Azerbajdzhanskoj respubliki / Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj konferencii po formirovaniyu zalezhej UV. Pekin: 2006.
4. A.A.Narimanov. Regional'no neftenosnyj kompleks Yuzhno-Kaspijskoj vpadiny /Materialy konferencii «Struktura i neftegazonosnost' vpadin vnutrennih morej». M.: 1998.
5. A.Ə.Nərimanov, M.M.Vəliyev, Ə.Ə.Kasımov. Xəzər dənizində aparılan axtarış kəşfiyyat işlərinin nəticələri // Azərbaycan Geoloqu. -2001. -№6. -S. 3-14.
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   Təsərrufatı. -2015. -№11. -S. 3-6.
7. E.H.Aliyeva. Pliocene deep reservoirs in the south Caspian basin /74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating. Copenhagen: 2012.
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9. Yu.P.Ampilov. Metody geologo-`ekonomicheskogo modelirovaniya resursov i zapasov nefti i gaza s uchetom neopredelennosti i riska. M.: Geoinformark, 2002.
10. Dzh.U.Harbuh, Dzh.H.Davton, Dzh.K.Devis. Primenenie veroyatnostnyh metodov v poiskovo-razvedochnyh rabotah na neft'. M.: Nedra, 1981.
11. Yu.N.Karogodin. Prostranstvenno-vremennye zakonomernosti koncentracii gigantskih skoplenij nefti i gaza Zapadnoj Sibiri (sistemnyj aspekt) // Georesursy. -2006. -№ 1, -S. 28-30.
12. E.H.Ahmadov, R.V.Veliyev. Methods of mınımızatıon of uncertaıntıes and geologıcal rısks based on Umıd gascondensate fıeld.Georesursy = Georesources, 21(1), 2019.

The article is related to enhanced oil recovery in mature oil fields of Kazakhstan and increasing the oil recovery factor, to return to operation oil wells that could not be returned to the existing fund by other methods by means of sidetracking. The field data of the drilled wells in the Kalamkas and Zhetybay fields are analyzed and the efficiency of sidetracking and sidetracking with horizontal completion (ZBBG), as well as the main stages of selecting candidates for sidetracking and drilling of horizontal, directional wells, are given and a comparative economic analysis is given for the cost of Sidetracking with vertical wells and sidetracking with horizontal wells.

Keywords: sidetracking; profitability of oil production; oil recovery factor; nonoperating wells; well spacing optimization. 

References

1. B.A.Suleimanov. Theoretical and practical bases of the heterogeneous systems application for increase of technological processes efficiency in oil production. Baku: ASOA, 1997.
2. A.Kh.Shakhverdiev, G.M.Panakhov, B.A.Suleimanov, et al. Method for development of oil deposit. RU Patent №2125154, 1999.
3. A.Kh.Shakhverdiev, G.M.Panakhov, B.A.Suleimanov, et al. Method for development of oil deposit. RU Patent № 2123586, 1998.
4. B.A.Suleimanov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. Effect of nanoparticles on the compressive strength of polymer gels used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) //Petroleum Science and Technology. -2015. –Vol.33. -Issue 10. –P.1133 – 1140.
5. B.A.Suleimanov, F.S.Ismailov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods // Petroleum Science and Technology. –2016. -Vol.34. -Issue 10. -P. 961-970.
6. B.A.Suleimanov, F.S.Ismailov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. Screening evaluation of EOR methods based on fuzzy logic and bayesian inference mechanisms. Paper SPE-182044-MS presented at the SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition, 24-26 October 2016, Moscow, Russia.
7. B.A.Suleimanov, O.A.Dyshin, E.F.Veliyev. Compressive strength of polymer nanogels used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Paper SPE-181960-MS presented at the SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition, 24-26
   October 2016, Moscow, Russia.
8. E.F.Valiyev, A.A.Aliyev, V.V.Guliyev, N.V.Naghiyeva. Water Shutoff Using Crosslinked Polymer Gels. Paper SPE – 198351 – MS presented at the SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference, Baku, Azerbaijan, 16-18 October 2019.
9. B.A.Suleimanov, Y.A.Latifov, E.F.Veliyev, H.Frampton. Comparative analysis of the EOR mechanisms by using low salinity and low hardness alkaline water //Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. -2018. -Vol. 162. -P.35–43.
10. B.A.Suleimanov, E.F.Veliyev. Novel polymeric nanogel as diversion agent for enhanced oil recovery //Petroleum Science and Technology. - 2017. -Vol.35. - Issue 4. -P.319-326.
11. Godovoj otchet AO «Mangistaumunajgaz». 2014.
12. R.R.Igilmanova, V.N.Minaev, N.A.Anisimova i dr. Analiz effektivnosti zarezki bokovyh stvolov i bureniya gorizontal'nyh skvazhin. Aktau, 2012
13. Povyshenie effektivnosti zarezki i bureniya vtorogo stvola v dobyvayushchih skvazhinah. Vip. 12. M.: VNIIOENT, 1985.
14. A.B.Suleymanov, A.S.Yashin. Prakticheskie raschety pri tekushchem i kapital'nom remonte skvazhin. M.: Nedra, 1984.
15. V.I.Krylov. A.S.Oganov. Proektirovanie stroitel'stva dopolnitel'nogo naklonno-napravlennogo i gorizontal'nogo stvola iz ekspluatacionnoj kolonny bezdejstvuyushchej skvazhiny. M.: Nedra, 2002.

The article presents the results of experimental research of the effect of sediment-forming composition on the permeability of a porous medium and the displacement coefficient. A composition containing an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and ethyl alcohol, added in a certain percentage to the produced water, leads to precipitation of salts, which make it hard. Studies of the effect of the sediment-forming composition on the model of the porous medium proved that up to 8% of residual oil can be displaced from the reservoir due to the involvement of low-permeability oil-containing zones in the development.

Keywords: sediment-forming composition; formation water; oil zone; permeability; displacement coefficient.

References

1. B.A.Suleimanov. Theoretical and practical bases of the heterogeneous systems application for increase of technological processes efficiency in oil production. Baku: ASOA, 1997.
2. A.Kh.Shakhverdiev, G.M.Panakhov, B.A.Suleimanov, et al. Method for development of oil deposit. RU Patent №2125154, 1999.
3. A.Kh.Shakhverdiev, G.M.Panakhov, B.A.Suleimanov, et al. Method for development of oil deposits. RU Patent № 2119580, 1998.
4. B.A.Suleimanov, Kh.F.Azizov, E.M.Abbasov. Specific features of the gas-liquid mixture filtration //Acta Mechanica. - 1998. - Vol. 130. –No.1-2. - Pp.121-133.
5. B.A.Suleimanov, F.S.Ismailov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry //SOCAR Proceedings. - 2013. –No. 2. - С.24-28.
6. B.A.Suleimanov, Y.A. Latifov, E.F. Veliyev, H.Frampton. Comparative analysis of the EOR mechanisms by using low salinity and low hardness alkaline water //Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. -2018. –Vol. 162. -P. 35-43.
7. B.A.Suleimanov, E.F.Veliyev. Novel polymeric nanogel as diversion agent for enhanced oil recovery // Petroleum Science and Technology. - 2017. -Vol.35. -Issue 4. -P. 319-326.
8. B.A.Suleimanov, E.F.Veliyev. Nanogels for deep reservoir conformance control. Paper SPE-182534-MS presented at the SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference & Exhibition, 1-3 November 2016, Astana, Kazakhstan.
9. B.A.Suleimanov, Ya.A.Latifov, Kh.M.Ibrahimov, N.I.Guseinova. Field testing results of enhanced oil recovery technologies using thermoactive polymer compositions // SOCAR Proceedings. – 2017. –No. 3. –P.17-31.
10. D.A.Batalov, V.V.Mukhametshin, V.E.Andreev, et al. Comparative analysis of the predictive efficiency of sedimentgel-forming oil recovery improvement technologies in fields of llc "Lukoil - Western Siberia" //Petroleum Engineering. -2016. –No.3. -P.40-46.
11. Ya.A.Latifov. New composition for water shut-off in heterogeneous reservoirs //SOCAR Proceedings. –2019. -No.2. – P.31-37.
12. T.Sh. Salavatov, B.A.Suleimanov, A.S. Nuryaev. Selective isolation of hard formation waters influx in producing wells // Oil industry. – 2000. – No. 12. – P. 81-83.
13. B.A.Suleimanov, M.M.Bayramov, M.R.Mamedov. On the skin-effect influence on the oil wells flow rate //Geology, Geophysics and Development of Oil and Gas Fields. –2004. – No.8. –P.68-70.
14. B.A.Suleimanov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. Effect of nanoparticles on the compressive strength of polymer gels used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) //Petroleum Science and Technology. - 2015. –Vol.33. - Issue 10. –P.1133–1140.
15. B.A.Suleimanov, N.I.Guseynova, E.F.Veliyev. Control of displacement front uniformity by fractal dimensions. Paper SPE-187784-MS presented at the SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference, Moscow, Russia, 16-18 October 2017.
16. E.F.Valiyev, A.A.Aliyev, V.V.Guliyev, N.V.Naghiyeva. Water shutoff using crosslinked polymer gels. Paper SPE–198351–MS presented at the SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference, Baku, Azerbaijan, 16-18 October 2019.
17. A.Alhuraishawy, M.Wei, B.Bai, et al. Integrating microgels and low salinity waterflooding to improve conformance control in fractured reservoirs. Paper SPE-188384-MS presented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 13-16 November 2017.
18. Y.Qiu, F.Wu, W.Kang, et al. Lessons learned from applying particle gels in mature oilfields. Paper SPE-169161- MS presented at the SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 12-16 April 2014.
19. E.Manrique, S.Reyes, J.Romero, et al. Colloidal dispersion gels (CDG): field projects review. Paper SPE-169705-MS presented at the SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia, Muscat, Oman, 31 March-2 April, 2014.
20. M.Towns, M.L.Angarita, D.Thrasher, et al. Enhancing oil recovery in the Gulf of Suez by deep conformance control using a thermally activated particle system. Paper SPE-164650-MS presented at the North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition, Egypt, Cairo, 15-17 April 2013.
21. F.Ghaddab, K.Kaddour, M.Tesconi, et al. El Borma - Bright Water - tertiary method of enhanced oil recovery for a mature field. Paper SPE-136140-MS presented at the SPE Production and Operations Conference and Exhibition, Tunis, Tunisia, 8-10 June 2010.
22. H.Sh.Jazeyi, C.Miller, M.Wong, et al. Polymer coated nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery //Journal of Applied Polymer Science. -2014. -Vol.131(15). -P. 1–13.
23. B.A.Suleimanov, E.F.Veliyev. Nanogels for deep reservoir conformance control. Paper SPE-182534-MS presented at the SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference & Exhibition, Astana, Kazakhstan, 1-3 November 2016. 

Based on the condensation products of aminoethylethanolamine and fatty acids, a universal bactericide inhibitor has been developed to prevent corrosion. The method of gravimetric tests investigated the inhibiting properties of the developed inhibitory composition for steel corrosion in hydrogen sulfide media of different composition, simulating the reservoir waters of oil fields, and the bactericidal effect on sulfatereducing bacteria.

Keywords: corrosion; oilfield equipment; inhibitor protection.

References

1. O.D.Ismailov, Z.A.Shabanova, F.G.Veliev. Analiz prichin razvitiya oslozhnenij na neftegazopromyslovyh ob`ektah // Neftepererabotka i neftehimiya. -2018. -№7. -C.49.
2. D.L.Rahmankulov, V.N.Zentsov i dr. Ingibitory korrozii. T.Z. Osnovy tehnologii proizvodstva otechestvennyh ingibitorov korrozii. - M.: Inter, 2005.
3. N.Ashassi-Sorkhabi, B.Shaabani, D.Seifzadeh. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by some schiff base compounds in hydrochloric acid //Applied Surface Science. -2005. - №239. -P. 154-164.
4. X.Jiang, Y.G.Zheng, W.Ke. Effect of flow velocity and entrained sand on inhibition performances of two inhibitors for CO2 corrosion of N80 steel in 3% NaCl solution // Corrosion Science. - 2005. - No.47. -P. 2636-2658.
5. R.K.Vagapov. Vybor ingibitorov dlya antikorrozionnoj zaschity stal'nogo oborudovaniya na neftepromyslah // Korroziya: materialy, zaschita. -2007. -№ 1. -S. 9-13.
6. V.M.Abbasov, T.A.Mammadova, Kh.R.Veliyev, Kh.H.Kasamanli. Hydroxy- and Aminoethyl Imidazolines of Cottonseed Oil Fatty Acids as Additives for Diesel Fuels // Open Journal of Synthesis Theory and Applications. -2015. -№4. -P. 33-39.

Wells suitable for testing the enhanced method for removing asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits using an inhibitor have been selected based on mathematical methods. The wells’ selection for the event is based on their classification with respect to individual technological parameters using a rank approach. According to the ranked approach, 6 wells that relate to group I and II by production rate, and to group III due to the overhaul period and cumulative oil production during the overhaul period were selected. Application of the inhibitor enabled one of the selected wells to move to group II in terms of cumulative oil production during the overhaul period, due to cost reduction of workover operations.

Keywords: well selection; ARPD inhibitor; well classification; rank approach; Pareto distribution.

References

1. A.L.Sousa, H.A.Matos, L.P.Guerreiro. Preventing and removing wax deposition inside vertical wells: a review // Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology. -2019. –Vol.9. - Issue 3. – Pp.2091–2107.
2. B.A.Suleimanov, F.S.Ismailov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods // Petroleum Science and Technology. – 2016. -Vol.34. -Issue 10. -P. 961-970.
3. B.A.Suleimanov, F.S.Ismailov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. Screening evaluation of EOR methods based on fuzzy logic and Bayesian inference mechanisms. Paper SPE-182044-MS presented at the SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition, 24-26 October 2016, Moscow, Russia.
4. B.A.Suleimanov, M.M.Bayramov, M.R.Mamedov. On the skin-effect influence on the oil wells flow rate //Geology, Geophysics and Development of Oil and Gas Fields. –2004. – No.8. –P.68-70.
5. T.Sh.Salavatov, B.A.Suleimanov, A.S.Nuryaev. Selective isolation of hard formation waters influx in producing wells //Oil industry. – 2000. – No. 12. – P. 81-83.
6. B.A.Suleimanov. Theoretical and practical bases of the heterogeneous systems application for increase of technological processes efficiency in oil production. Baku: ASOA, 1997.
7. A.Kh.Shakhverdiev, G.M.Panakhov, B.A.Suleimanov, et al. Method for development of oil deposit. RU Patent №2125154, 1999.
8. B.A.Suleimanov, Kh.F.Azizov, E.M.Abbasov. Specific features of the gas-liquid mixture filtration //Acta Mechanica. -1998. -Vol. 130. -№ 1-2. - P. 121 - 133.
9. A.Kh.Shakhverdiev, G.M.Panakhov, B.A.Suleimanov, et al. Method for development of oil deposits. RU Patent № 2119580, 1998.
10. A.Kh.Shakhverdiev, G.M.Panakhov, B.A.Suleimanov, et al. Method for development of oil deposit. RU Patent № 2123586, 1998.
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16. A.M.Samedov, A.D.Agha-zadeh, M.E.Alsafarova, A.F.Akberova. Research of depressor and inhibiting properties of new NDP type agents against paraffinic sedimentation//Azerbaijan Oil Industry. -2017. -№6.
    -С. 43-47.

This article presents the results of gas chromatography and mass spectrometric studies of 43 oil samples from 15 different fields, located in the southern parts of the Caspian basin for the genetic classification of oil samples based on biomarker and aromatic compositions. All studied samples were generated from carbonate source rock according to their terpane distributions. The results of cluster analysis such as 2D-PCA and dendrograms based on biomarker distributions of oil indicate the presence of 10 genetically different oils in the studied fields. According to thermal parameters, 3 stages of thermal maturity can be distinguished: early mature samples (Karasor and Dosmukhambetovskoye), peak (S.Nurzhanov, Western Prorva) and the late maturity (Tengiz, Karaton, Korolevskoye, Teren-uzyuk, Kashagan and East Saztyube) mature. Recorded abnormally low values of gas content and corresponding saturation pressure in samples derived from Karasor and Dosmukhambetovskoye may stem from their low thermal maturity. And also it was attempted to determine lateral hydrocarbon migration direction between certain fields. Inaddition, the analysis of carbon isotopes in the presented oil fields was carried out.

Keywords: biomarkers; carbon isotope analysis; sterane; hopane; terpane; marine.

References

1. B.A.Suleimanov, F.S.Ismailov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods //Petroleum Science and Technology. –2016. -Vol.34. -Issue 10. -P. 961-970.
2. B.A.Suleimanov, F.S.Ismailov, E.F.Veliyev, O.A.Dyshin. Screening evaluation of EOR methods based on fuzzy logic and bayesian inference mechanisms. Paper SPE-182044-MS presented at the SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition, 24-26 October 2016, Moscow, Russia.
3. B.A.Suleimanov, O.A.Dyshin, E.F.Veliyev. Compressive strength of polymer nanogels used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Paper SPE-181960-MS presented at the SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition, 24-26 October 2016, Moscow, Russia.
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5. B.A.Suleimanov. Filtration of disperse systems in a nonhomogeneous porous medium //Colloid Journal. –1995. - Vol. 57. - No. 5. – P. 704-707.
6. B.A.Suleimanov, M.M.Bayramov, M.R.Mamedov. On the skin-effect influence on the oil wells flow rate //Geology, Geophysics and Development of Oil and Gas Fields. –2004. –No.8. –P.68-70.
7. B.A.Suleimanov, M.S.Askerov, G.A.Valiyev. Potential of re-development of horizon PK-5 (north) of Surakhany field // Azrbaijan oil industry. -2000. - №5. - Pр.16-21.
8. Y.Sh.Seitkhaziev, N.D.Sarsenbekov, R.Rakhymberdi, S.B.Kairbekov. Geochemical surveys – the path to understanding the features of an oil field // Nauchno-tekhnicheskij zhurnal «Neft i gaz». -2019. – No. 3(111). -P. 21-33.
9. Y.Sh.Seitkhaziev, N.D.Sarsenbekov, Sh.S.Pangereeva, S.B.Kairbekov. Geochemical peculiarities of the Karazhanbas oil field // Nauchno-tekhnicheskij zhurnal «Neft' i gaz». –2019. – No.3(111). -P. 34-46.
10. Y.Sh.Seitkhaziev, L.M.Barlybaeva, A.M.Latipova, A.K.Dosmuhambetov. Otchet po geohimicheskim issledovaniyam prob nefti i obrazcov kerna. Otchet po dogovoru №509-112-65/DIS ot 28/03/2018 mezhdu AO «Embamunaygaz» i TOO «NII TDB «KazMunayGaz» «Kaspiymunaygaz».
11. Y.Sh.Seitkhaziev, E.T.Tasemenov, A.K.Dosmuhambetov, D.B.Absalyamov. Geohimicheskie osobennosti nefti razvedochnyh skvazhin G-2 i G-9 mestorozhdeniya Karasor zapadnyj. Materialy mezhdunarodnoj konferencii «Sovremennye metody razrabotki mestorozhdenij s trudnoizvlekaemymi zapasami i netradicionnymi kollektorami». Atyrau, 2019. T.2. -S.428-436.
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14. Y.Seitkhaziyev. Use of GCMSMS for obtaining geochemical biomarker information from crude oils compared with conventional GCMS methodology. Newcastle University, 2012.
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19. Y.Sh.Seitkhaziev, E.T.Tasemenov. Molekulyarniyj i izotopniyj sostav ugleroda v obrazcah poputnyh gazov // Nauchnotekhnicheskij zhurnal «Neft' i gaz». –2019. –No. 5(113). -P. 64-79.
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In the work from the standpoint of the theory of elasticity, the features of the stress-strain state of the rock near the earth's surface are analyzed, due to the process of changing reservoir pressure during the development of oil and gas deposits. Based on numerical studies, it has been established that subsidence of the earth's surface is not the only factor leading to environmental and technological complications. It is shown that the horizontal displacements of the earth's surface are comparable in magnitude with the vertical ones, and the additional stresses developing in the plane orthogonal to the earth's surface are significant in magnitude. It has been established that tensile stresses are formed above the edge of the deposit on the earth's surface, which may be the cause of cracking processes near this surface. The results obtained can be useful for the analysis and prediction of anthropogenic consequences during the development of shallow oil and gas deposits.

Keywords: development of oil and gas formations; stress-strain state of the rock; environmental problems.

References

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The article discusses the peculiarities of corrosion in low-pressure gas pipelines intended for collection and transportation of associated petroleum gas. It is shown that the corrosive aggressiveness of associated petroleum gas is determined by the content of acidic components (CO₂, H₂S) in the water part of the released condensate. It is noted that the main feature of the corrosion process in low pressure gas pipelines is its flow in a thin layer of water electrolyte under conditions of difficult passivity of the metal surface with corrosion products and absence of diffusion restrictions in the medium components movement. As a result, despite the uniform nature, the corrosion process proceeds at a high speed and is accompanied in the last step by a metal tear on the pipe body due to critical thinning of the gas pipeline wall. In order to prevent complications associated with condensate precipitation and corrosion, it is recommended to use technologies that allow to remove condensate from associated petroleum gas before it enters the gas pipeline. The second most important method of protection should be considered the use of corrosion inhibitors. As an additional measure, it is possible to use the technology of cleaning the gas pipeline from condensate accumulations using special devices.

Keywords: low pressure gas pipeline; oil gas; condensate; corrosion rate; wall rupture; gas preparation.

References

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This paper discusses the causes of complications in the Guneshli pipeline. The compositions inhibiting and dissolving paraffin and salt deposits have been developed. These reagents contain hydrocarbon solvents, alcohols, nonionic surfactants. The effect of these reagents on the prevention of asphaltene, resin and paraffin and salt deposits was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of these reagents on reducing pressure in subsea pipelines was studied in «28 May» OGPD

Keywords: ARPD; pour point; inhibitor efficiency; kinematic viscosity; deep-water offshore platform.  

References

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Gas giving influence in compressors station inlet on gas motor compressors, capacity has been studied in the article. For ompressors rational work supply on oil and gas production departrnent in offshore field compressors stations a  new scheme of gas giving to station inlet has been offered.

Keywords: compressor station; electrical analogy; gas engine compressor; balance equation; resistance coefficient; elektric model; gas feed scheme.

References

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A mobile sonochemical complex for processing oil sludge MSCPO was developed on the basis of small-sized equipment and highly efficient technologies for cleaning oil sludge. At the heart of the hardware-technological scheme of the developed complex is the approach based on the use of combined physicochemical methods. The introduction of the complex will significantly reduce the capital and operating costs when cleaning oil sludge.

Keywords: mobile sonochemical complex; ultrasound; chemical reagents; flotation treatment; galvanocoagulation cleaning; ultraviolet sterilization; complex technology.

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