The article gives a brief overview of the sedimentary cover of the Earth and summarizes volumes and mass of sediments contained in the Earth sedimentary layer (stratisphere). Using available data authors show unique nature of the South Caspian Basin and other rapidly subsiding basins with large amount of sediments and attenuated crust. Sedimentary, crustal and lithospheric thickness correlations are discussed.

Keywords: sedimentary basins; South Caspian basin; sediment volumes; lithosphere.

References

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There are very few tectonic maps of oil and gas areas of the Republic and explanatory notes to them. They contain, in large numbers, factual material and important theoretical and applied conclusions. However, the results of seismic surveys carried out over the past 25 years indicate some shortcomings in these maps. The paper provides specific examples that prove the correctness of this conclusion and recommendations for their elimi nation.

Keywords: fault; tectonic map; oil and gas bearing zoning; mesozoic; cenozoic; geological section floors; crystalline basement; Mohorovicic surface. 

References

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The results of studies aimed at improving the structure and performance characteristics of carbide matrices WC-Co samples, formed by cold pressing and thereafter hot pressing, for drilling tools diamond-containing materials. It is shown that the introduction of vanadium nitride in an amount of 3% into the composition of the starting materials 94WC-6Co provides an increase in the hardness of the sample from 22.8 to 34.2 GPa, the strength limit in compression from 4800 to 5340 MPa and bending from 2200 to 2280 MPa, as well as reduction of wear intensity from 1710×10^-6 to 5200×10^-6 g/m. The revealed effect of the formation of a fine-grained structure of a carbide matrix WC-Co-VN  with increased mechanical and operational characteristics indicates the need for their use in the development of effective tools for drilling oil and gas wells.

Keywords: composite; hot pressing; structure; hardness; wear.

References

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The purpose of the article is a systematic analysis of drilling data obtained from geological and technological measurement stations in real time, taking into account the geological characteristics of the area being drilled for further forecasting the possibility of complications and accidents during drilling and construction of oil and gas wells. Comprehensive analysis showed the lack of basic software for the recognition and prevention of complications and emergencies based on data obtained in real time. An equally important problem is the lack of reliable lithological and stratigraphic information on the description of sludge during geological and technological measurements. The list of geological and geophysical data required to solve the problem of preventing complications and accidents during the drilling of oil and gas wells has been determined. Geological and technological parameters along the wellbore depth obtained in real time were classified according to the degree of their applicability in machine learning methods.

Keywords: geological and technological research; prevention of accidents and troubles; the formation of grooves in rocks; geological features; sticking; artificial intelligence; automated system; true vertical depth; well construction; data quality.

References

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In the present study, we report our findings on asphaltenic sludge formation onset during petroleum reservoir acidizing treatment. To achieve this goal, we perform a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at high temperature and pressure (550 K, 200 bar) on asphaltenic-oil (containing different molecular structures of asphaltenes) /hydrochloric acid (HCl) systems. Our simulation results indicate formation of asphaltenic sludge onset due to reservoir acidizing. Accumulation of the ionized asphaltenes at the oil/aqueous interface is the cause of sludge formation onset. Presence of ionized asphaltenes at the oil/water interface is attributed to the strong ion-ion interaction between ionized asphaltenes and acid ions (H⁺ and Cl^-). Sludge formation onset is further stabilized via hydrogen bonding forces between ionized asphaltenes and interfacial water.

Keywords: asphaltene; ionized asphaltene; molecular dynamics simulation; petroleum reservoir acidizing; radial distribution function; asphaltenic sludge formation onset.

References

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Intensive occurrence of sand related problems in wells diminishes oil flow rate and leads to heavy expenses on production and equipment maintenance. Hard geological factors on field bedding, heterogeneity of reservoir porosity and permeability, strict constraints on physicochemical property of oil and produced water restrict the efficient application of several available methods and technologies for sand control. The increasing densification of sand related problems at late stages of development gives rise to implementation of different type of workover. There exist several backfilling compositions with a number of draw-backs to control sand influx from the reservoir into the well. With the purpose to work out more effective technology to ensure the consolidation of reservoir there was developed a new grouting mortar. This slurry contains cement, hydrated aluminum silicate and 7-8% hydrochloric acid solution. Barrier of grouting mortar has high resistance and adhesive characteristics and penetrates much deeper into pores increasing consolidation efficiency.

Keywords: pydrated aluminosilicate; acid retardation; amount of sand; consolidation of rocks; destruction of layers; cement slurry; hydrochloric acid.

References

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10. Panakhov, G. M., Suleimanov, B. A. (1995). Specific features of the flow of suspensions and oii disperse systems. Colloid Journal, 57(3), 359-363.
11. Al-Darbi, M.M., Saeed, N.O., Ajijolaiya, L.O., Islam, M.R. (2006). Petroleum Science and Technology, 24(11), 1267- 1282.
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The article considers causes of complications and accidents occurring while drilling in the Jurassic deposits in the intervals of Bazhenov, Georgievski and Abalakski formations at the fields of West Siberia. It proposes technical and technological solutions for their trouble-free drilling and production casing RIH. The measures developed provide for preventing instability of wellbore in the interlayers of clay and mudstone, removal of drill cuttings in the wells with zenith angles exceeding 50 degrees and in extended reach wells, avoiding tight hole and stuck pipe problems, ensuring RIH to the bottom hole and good quality of cementing jobs.

Keywords: technical and technological solutions; bituminized clay; production casing; Upper Jurassic deposits; Bazhenov formation; tight hole; stuck pipe; reaming.

References

1. Lobusev, A.V., CHolovskij, I.P., Lobusev, M.A. i dr. (2010). Geologo-promyslovoe obosnovanie promyshlennogo osvoeniya zalezhej uglevodorodov bazhenovskoj svity Zapadnoj Sibiri. Territoriya Neftegaz, 3, 22-25.
2. Tarasova, E.V., Chebanov, S.N., Yakhshibekov, F.R. (2012). Peculiarities of pore pressure distribution in bituminous argillites of bazhenovskaya suite ( upper jurassic sediments, formation YuS0), Ai-Pimskoe field. Well Logger, 10, 41-53
3. Kustarev, D.A., Sigarev, S.A. (2014). Luchshie praktiki OOO «RN-Uvatneftegaz» po spusku obsadnyh kolonn v glubokie skvazhiny. Nauchno-tekhnicheskij vestnik OAO «NK-Rosneft'», 2, 49-54.
4. Koltypin, O.A., Medvedev, P.V., Rekov, S.V., Gatin, M.R. (2014). Realizaciya integrirovannogo podhoda pri zakanchivanii gorizontal'nyh skvazhin s mnogostadijnym gidrorazryvom plasta v OOO «RN-YUganskneftegaz». Nauchno-tekhnicheskij vestnik OAO «NK-Rosneft'», 2, 36-41.
5. Lipatov, Е.Y., Aksenova, N.A. (2017). Experience of application of biopolymer emulsion drilling mud while drilling horizontal wells in the Koshilskoye field. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 36-41.

Genetic types of the studied oil samples based on fingerprinting can help to deal with many problems, including in the development of offshore projects. The application of the innovative technologies of foreign companies by specialists of domestic companies not only helps to solve key issues of finding sources of environmental problems, for example, the source of an oil spill, but also allows one to reduce the cost and time for elimination of such emergencies significantly. This report presents the results of the laboratory's analysis to determine the conditional source of oil spill pollution of the Caspian Sea.

Keywords: oil geochemical analysis; reservoir geochemistry; oil fingerprinting; pollution source; oil sample. 

References

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4. Suleimanov, B. A., Latifov, Y. A., Veliyev, E. F., Frampton, H. (2018). Comparative analysis of the EOR mechanisms by using low salinity and low hardness alkaline water. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 162, 35-43.
5. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismayilov, F. S., Dyshin, O. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2016). Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods. Petroleum Science and Technology, 34(10), 961-970.
6. Suleimanov, B. A. (2011).Sand plug washing with gassy fluids. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 30-36.
7. Suleimanov, B. A. (1997). Theoretical and practical applications of heterogeneous systems in the oil production technology. Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Sciences in Technics. Baku: ASOIU.
8. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismailov, F. S., Veliyev, E. F., Dyshin, O. A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.
9. Panakhov, G. M., Suleimanov, B. A. (1995). Specific features of the flow of suspensions and oii disperse systems. Colloid Journal, 57(3), 359-363.
10. Suleimanov, B.A., Ismailov, F.S., Dyshin, O.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2016, October). Screening evaluation of EOR methods based on fuzzy logic and Bayesian inference mechanisms. SPE-182044-MS. In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
11. Peters, K.E., Walters, C.C., Moldowan, J.M. (2005). The biomarker guide. Vol. 2. Biomarkers and isotopes in the petroleum exploration and earth history. Cambridge University Press.
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One of the most common problems during hydraulic fracturing (HF) in the oil fields of Kazakhstan is a continuous perforation of all productive layers in the section of pay zone, which subsequently causes many risks of a different nature during fracking operations and difficulties in the development of oil reserves. Despite the historical reality, which is an actual problem, there are currently attempts to do fracturing in such difficult conditions. The main complicating factor is the formation of not one long fracture, but the development of several short fractures parallel to each other. This necessitates further development of technology in order to improve the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing.

Keywords: hydraulic fracturing; continuous perforation; complications during fracturing; production casing repair; new approaches to planning the hydraulic fracturing.

References

1. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismaylov, F. S., Veliyev, E.F. (2014). On the metal nanoparticles effect on the strength of polymer gels based on carboxymethylcellulose, applying at oil recovery. Oil Industry, 1, 86-88.
2. Suleimanov, B.A., Ismailov, F.S., Dyshin, O.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2016, October). Screening evaluation of EOR methods based on fuzzy logic and Bayesian inference mechanisms. SPE-182044-MS. In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
3. Suleimanov, B.A., Guseynova, N.I., Veliyev, E.F. (2017, October). Control of displacement front uniformity by fractal dimensions. SPE-187784-MS. In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
4. Veliyev, E.F., Aliyev, A.A., Guliyev, V.V., Naghiyeva, N.V. (2019, October). Water shutoff using crosslinked polymer gels. SPE-198351-MS. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
5. Suleimanov, B.A., Dyshin, O.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2016, October). Compressive strength of polymer nanogels used for enhanced oil recovery EOR. SPE-181960-MS. In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
6. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F., Azizagha, A. A. (2020). Colloidal dispersion nanogels for in-situ fluid diversion. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 193, 107411.
7. Veliyev, E. F. (2020) Review of modern in-situ fluid diversion technologies. SOCAR Proceedings 2, 50-66.
8. Suleimanov, B.A. (1995). Filtration of disperse systems in a nonhomogeneous porous medium. Colloid Journal, 57(5), 704-707.
9. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismailov, F. S., Veliyev, E. F., Dyshin, O. A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.
10. Suleimanov, B. A. (2011). Sand plug washing with gassy fluids. SOCAR Proceedings, (1), 30-36.
11. Panakhov, G. M., Suleimanov, B. A. (1995). Specific features of the flow of suspensions and oii disperse systems. Colloid Journal, 57(3), 359-363.
12. Suleimanov, B. A., Latifov, Y. A., Veliyev, E. F., Frampton, H. (2018). Comparative analysis of the EOR mechanisms by using low salinity and low hardness alkaline water. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 162, 35-43.
13. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismayilov, F. S., Dyshin, O. A., & Veliyev, E. F. (2016). Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods. Petroleum Science and Technology, 34(10), 961-970.
14. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F., Latifov, Y. A. (2019). Softened water application for enhanced oil recovery. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 19-28.
15. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2016, November). Nanogels for deep reservoir conformance control. SPE182534-RU. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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Injection of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide gels using inorganic crosslinking agents has proven to be one of the best methods for isolating water and enhancing oil recovery. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide forms a gel structure in the presence of trivalent metal ions such as Cr³⁺, Al³⁺, which act as a crosslinker. In this case, a sequential injection of a polymer solution and a crosslinking agent is carried out into the formation and the gel is formed directly in the formation. Numerous successful examples of the implementation of this technology to reduce the water cut of the produced products were the basis for the development of a new gel composition, taking into account the disadvantages of the existing ones. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on core material using the proposed gel composition based on a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer and various crosslinking agents (note: thiourea / K₂Cr₂O₇).

Keywords: partially hydrolized polyacrylamid; coreflood; crosslinking; polymer gel; enhanced oil recovery; water shut off.

References

1. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2016, November). Nanogels for deep reservoir conformance control. SPE-182534-RU. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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9. Nagiyeva, N.V. (2020). Colloidal dispersion gels for align the injectivity profile of injection wells. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 67-77.
10. Veliyev, E.F. (2020). Review of modern in-situ fluid diversion technologies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 50-66.
11. Suleimanov, B.A., Veliyev, E.F., Azizagha, A.A. (2020). Colloidal dispersion nanogels for in-situ fluid diversion. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 193, 107411.
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16. Suleimanov, B.A., Dyshin, O.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2016, October). Compressive strength of polymer nanogels used for enhanced oil recovery EOR. SPE-181960-MS. In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
17. Suleimanov, B.A., Guseynova, N.I., Veliyev, E.F. (2017, October). Control of displacement front uniformity by fractal dimensions. SPE-187784-MS. In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
18. Suleimanov, B.A., Veliyev, E.F., Dyshin, O.A. (2015). Effect of nanoparticles on the compressive strength of polymer gels used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Petroleum Science and Technology, 33(10), 1133-1140.
19. Suleimanov, B.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2016). The effect of particle size distribution and the nano-sized additives on the quality of annulus isolation in well cementing. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 4-10.
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48. Suleimanov, B.A., Latifov, Y.A., Veliyev, E. F. (2019). Softened water application for enhanced oil recovery. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 19-29.
49. Suleimanov, B.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2017). Novel polymeric nanogel as diversion agent for enhanced oil recovery. Petroleum Science and Technology, 35(4), 319-326.
50. Suleimanov, B.A., Latifov, Y.A., Veliyev, E.F., Frampton, H. (2018). Comparative analysis of the EOR mechanisms by using low salinity and low hardness alkaline water. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 162, 35-43.
51. Suleimanov, B.A., Ismayilov, F.S., Dyshin, O.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2016). Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods. Petroleum Science and Technology, 34(10), 961-970.
52. Suleimanov, B.A., Ismailov, F.S., Veliyev, E.F., Dyshin, O.A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.

Based on a two-phase multicomponent filtration model, the process of retrograde condensate extraction at the final stage of the development of a gas-condensate reservoir was investigated, with the creation of a volume of ethane rims in the reservoir with subsequent injection of the separated gas. It has been established that ethane dissolves in a retrograde condensate during continuous mass exchange between the phases of the system, creates a shaft of liquid hydrocarbons higher than critical at the front of displacement, at which two-phase filtration begins, which allows for the development of reserves of retrograde hydrocarbon condensate and, ultimately, provides effective reservoir development.

Keywords: depletion mode; injection of ethane and separated gas; retrograde condensate; volume of ethane rim; pressure below maximum condensation.

References

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Carbon nanomaterials and compositions containing them are attracting increased attention. The high variety of carbon nanomaterials structures and morphologies as well as the simplicity of its surface functionalization, make it possible to effectively select the nanomaterial properties for the target task. The presented study provides an overview of the oil industry stages and shows the main directions of using nanotechnology in them. The main attention is focused on the trends of carbon nanomaterials (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes and graphene-like materials) applications in the petroleum extraction stage (drilling and enhanced oil recovery processes).

Keywords: nanotechnology; oil industry; enhanced oil recovery; drilling; carbon nanomaterials; carbon nanotubes.

References

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The article presents a benchmarking analysis of the complex well body structure effect on the hydraulic parameters of the liquid-gas flow pattern in deviated wells. The difference between the consumption of the working agent (gas) required to lift the same amount of liquid from the same depth in vertical and inclined gas-lift wells is shown. Considering the complexity of the hydrodynamic flow properties in deviated wells, the impossibility of analytical flow simulation, the article provides the problem study using statistical methods and gives its practical solution. The article presents a mathematical expression to determine the dynamic pressure gradient using this method, that is, by group calculation of indicators of gas-lift wells with an deviated body, and its numerical value was found.

Keywords: vertical and deviated gas-lift wells; pressure drop; special gas flow rate; gas-liquid mixture.

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A method for isolating water inflows into the well by blocking high permeability zones with a gel-forming composition based on sodium silicate, including biologically active additives has been developed. Whey is used as a biologically active supplement. As a result of isolation of the watering intervals by the gel-forming composition, low-permeability oil-saturated areas are involved in the development. The gelation process can be adjusted depending on the concentrations of sodium silicate and whey, as well as the temperature at a certain depth of the reservoir, necessary for isolation. In order to prevent a premature coagulation process when the formation is saturated with hard formation water, fresh or softened water is pumped in front of the gel-forming composition.  This technology is used to reach the residual resistance factor to the value 3.88, an increase in oil production will be 18.5%.

Keywords: isolation of water inflows; gelation; whey; reservoir model; residual resistance factor; oil displacement coefficient.

References

1. Suleimanov, B. A. (1997). Theoretical and practical applications of heterogeneous systems in the oil production technology. Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Sciences in Technics. Baku: ASOIU.
2. Suleimanov, B. A., Latifov, Y. A., Veliyev, E. F., Frampton, H. (2018). Comparative analysis of the EOR mechanisms by using low salinity and low hardness alkaline water. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 162, 35-43.
3. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismayilov, F. S., Dyshin, O. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2016). Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods. Petroleum Science and Technology, 34(10), 961-970.
4. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F., Azizagha, A. A. (2020). Colloidal dispersion nanogels for in-situ fluid diversion. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 193, 107411.
5. Suleimanov, B.A. (1995). Filtration of disperse systems in a nonhomogeneous porous medium. Colloid Journal, 57(5), 704-707.
6. Suleimanov, B. A. (2011). Sand plug washing with gassy fluids. SOCAR Proceedings, (1), 30-36.
7. Panakhov, G. M., Suleimanov, B. A. (1995). Specific features of the flow of suspensions and oii disperse systems. Colloid Journal, 57(3), 359-363.
8. Nagiyeva, N.V. (2020). Colloidal dispersion gels for align the injectivity profile of injection wells. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 67-77.
9. Latifov, Ya. A. (2019). New composition for water shut-off in heterogeneous reservoirs. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 31-37.
10. Qiu, Y., Wu, F., Kang, W., et al. (2014, April). Lessons learned from applying particle gels in mature oilfields. SPE-169161-MS. In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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12. Suleimanov, B.A., Ismailov, F.S., Veliyev, E.F., Dyshin, O.A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.
13. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2016, November). Nanogels for deep reservoir conformance control. SPE182534-RU. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
14. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F., Dyshin, O. A. (2015). Effect of nanoparticles on the compressive strength of polymer gels used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Petroleum Science and Technology, 33(10), 1133-1140.
15. Veliyev, E.F., Aliyev, A.A., Guliyev, V.V., Naghiyeva, N.V. (2019, October). Water shutoff using crosslinked polymer gels. SPE-198351-MS. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
16. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F., Naghiyeva, N. V. (2020). Colloidal dispersion gels for in-depth permeability modification. Modern Physics Letters B, 2150038.
17. Skrettingland, K., Dale, E.I., Stenerud, V.R., et al. (2014, March-April). Snorre in-depth water diversion using sodium silicate-large scale interwell field pilot. SPE-169727-MS. In SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia Held in Muscat. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
18. Shakhverdiev, A.Kh., Panakhov, G.M., Suleimanov, B.A., et a. (1998). Method of restricting water inflow to well. RU Patent 2121570.
19. Rzayeva, S.J. (2019). New microbiological method of oil recovery increase containing highly mineralized water. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 38-44.
20. Suleimanov, B.A., Latifov, Y. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2019). Softened water application for enhanced oil recovery. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 19-29.
21. Suleimanov, B. A., Latifov, Y. A., Veliyev, E. F., Frampton, H. (2017, November). Low salinity and low hardness alkali water as displacement agent for secondary and tertiary flooding in sandstones. SPE188998-MS. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
22. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismaylov, F. S., Veliyev, E. F. (2014). On the metal nanoparticles effect on the strength of polymer gels based on carboxymethyl cellulose, applying at oil recovery. Oil Industry, 1, 86-88.

Polymer flooding is one of the main enhanced oil recovery methods that have been actively used since the late 1960s. However, despite the significant gained experience of both laboratory and field research, this technology still continues to develop from year to year, revealing more and more new factors and challenges that are necessary aspects for successful implementation. Estimation of retained polymer amount by the porous medium is one of the key factors. The article discusses the main mechanisms and factors affecting retention process, as well as methods for determining the amount of retained polymer when flooding the solution through porous medium in laboratory conditions.

Keywords: polymer flooding; polymer retention; enhanced oil recovery (EOR); adsorption; mobility ratio; oil recovery factor.

References

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14. Veliyev, E.F., Aliyev, A.A., Guliyev, V.V., Naghiyeva, N.V. (2019, October). Water shutoff using crosslinked polymer gels. SPE-198351-MS. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
15. Veliyev, E.F. (2020). Review of modern in-situ fluid diversion technologies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 50-66.
16. Nagiyeva, N.V. (2020). Colloidal dispersion gels for align the injectivity profile of injection wells. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 67-77.
17. Suleimanov, B.A., Veliyev, E.F., Azizagha, A.A. (2020). Colloidal dispersion nanogels for in-situ fluid diversion. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 193, 107411
18. Manichand, R.N., Seright, R. (2014). Field vs. laboratory polymer-retention values for a polymer flood in the Tambaredjo field. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 17(3), 314-325.
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28. Suleimanov, B.A., Ismayilov, F.S., Dyshin, O.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2016). Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods. Petroleum Science and Technology, 34(10), 961-970.
29. Suleimanov, B.A., Ismailov, F.S., Veliyev, E.F., Dyshin, O.A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.
30. Suleimanov, B.A., Latifov, Y.A., Veliyev, E. F. (2019). Softened water application for enhanced oil recovery. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 19-29.
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A multicomponent hydrodynamic model of the process of oil displacement with water with different mineralogical composition in clay-containing collectors is proposed on the basis of combination of equations of continuity, filtration law and equation of state, equation of salt concentration in water and equation of saturation between phases which enables prediction of process parameters of oil displacement with fresh and formation waters with and without consideration of clay swelling.

Keywords: fresh and formation water; clay swelling; oil saturation; permeability; porosity.

References

1. Suleimanov, B.A. (1995). Filtration of disperse systems in a nonhomogeneous porous medium. Colloid Journal, 57(5), 704-707.
2. Suleimanov, B. A. (2011).Sand plug washing with gassy fluids. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 30-36.
3. Suleimanov, B.A., Bayramov, M. M., Mamedov M. R. (2004). The skin effect and its influence on oil well production. Geology, Geophysics and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, 8, 68-70.
4. Suleimanov, B. A. (1997). Theoretical and practical applications of heterogeneous systems in the oil production technology. Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Sciences in Technics. Baku: ASOIU.
5. Suleimanov, B. A., Latifov, Y. A., Veliyev, E. F., Frampton, H. (2018). Comparative analysis of the EOR mechanisms by using low salinity and low hardness alkaline water. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 162, 35-43.
6. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismayilov, F. S., Dyshin, O. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2016). Selection methodology for screening evaluation of EOR methods. Petroleum Science and Technology, 34(10), 961-970.
7. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismailov, F. S., Veliyev, E. F., Dyshin, O. A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.
8. Suleimanov, B.A., Ismailov, F.S., Dyshin, O.A., Veliyev, E.F. (2016, October). Screening evaluation of EOR methods based on fuzzy logic and Bayesian inference mechanisms. SPE-182044-MS. In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
9. Suleimanov, B.A., Latifov, Y. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2019). Softened Water Application for Enhanced Oil Recovery. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 19-29.
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The article offers a methodic approach to the solution of the issue of main stock usage effectiveness index definition. Traditionally the main stock usage effectiveness calculation is carried out by balance and residual values. This approach in whole ignores (except for two coefficients) the wearing-out of main stocks and tortures the real view of their actual condition. In connection with this, in some oil-gas production boards (OGPB) of «Azneft» PU was conducted a comparative analysis of index system of usage effectiveness of main stocks that have been calculated by balance and residue values. The investigations have a great theoretical significance and in practice may be applied by OGPB in the analysis of enterprise industry activity.

Keywords: main stocks; analysis; effectiveness; index system; enterprise reports; methodic approach; balance and residue values; average annual residue value.

References

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The article deals with the issues connected with rationing of gas production losses at oil-and-gas production enterprises. The evaluation of process losses is presented; the structure and system of their accounting are considered. Associated and natural gas losses breakdown is given by sources of their origin and trends of required gas for own consumption of oil and gas producing enterprises are classified. Based on generalized theoretical and practical material on the setting of norms for losses, a standard technique for process losses of gas and its own consumption has been developed. Norms of process losses and gas for own consumption were calculated based on the technique  for nine OGPDs, two underground gas storages of the Azneft PU and eleven oil and gas operating companies. Structural constitution of process losses was analyzed at all these enterprises, a comprehensive benchmarking of loss rate was carried out, a flow diagram of standard own consumption of gas was constructed, and conclusions were drawn.

Keywords: technical losses of gas; own consumption of gas; sources of gas losses; regulation of gas consumption; standard technique for gas losses. 

References

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The paper deals with the migration of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems widely used in the monitoring and management of the oil and gas industry to the cloud computing environment. There arise various problems in data collection, transmission, and processing because of traditional SCADA systems being very expensive, inflexible, and complicated scalability. The transferring of the SCADA system's applications to the cloud environment reduces costs and improves scalability. The purchase of hardware and software is carried out at a lower cost than its installation and maintenance. In the article, the usage of cloud-based SCADA systems has been proposed for easy, safe, reliable and quick collection and processing of data from facilities installed in the oil and gas industry.

Keywords: oil and gas industry; SCADA systems; cloud computing; cloud services; cloud models; security. 

References

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The correlation between the development of the world’s population is examined and, in connection with this, the expansion and development of the list of problems necessary for solving the problems of life support for a growing population is considered. It is indicated that the solution of these problems will contribute to the consumption of energy resources, which requires the identification and implementation of alternative sources. It was noted and justified that for this purpose the most promising in this direction around the world are biomass, which are involved in the production of renewable fuel bioenergy based on them. The classification and possibilities of biofuel compositions and the technology of thermochemical production of them and on their basis thermal energy, electricity and the development of bio-based chemicals and materials from biomass are given. The modularity of production was confirmed, including the collection, conversion, energy supply, classification and processing of the remains - products of these stages of production. A list of factors that negatively affect the social, economic and environmental conditions is formulated.

Keywords: population; problems; energy supply; biomass; bioenergy; modularity; processing resources. 

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The chemical interaction of disulphochloride aromatic compounds with nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) in the presence of combined nanosized powders of metal oxides (ZnO and Al₂O₃) was studied for the first time. Vulcanization of the prepared blends has been induced with two methods: by irradiation of gamma rays (D=300 kGy) and by pre-heating in the hydraulicpress and then subsequent irradiation (150 ^oC x 5', 300 kGy). In order to activate the crosslinking process, a combination of nano-oxides ZnO and Al₂O₃ were used. The surface of the nanocomposite was studied by using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of modified blends were studied and then compared with controlling sample (vulcanized with sulphur) and analyzed by the mechanical tests in aggressive environments after thermal aging. The study found that the use of 1,3-disulphochloride benzene with nano oxides produces cured materials with good resistance to aging and provides high service properties in air, seawater, and oil-bearing solution. 

Keywords: nitrile-butadiene rubber; cross linking; sealing elements; gamma irradiation; thermal aging; nano-ZnO; nano-Al₂O₃. 

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