Published by "OilGasScientificResearchProject" Institute of State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR).
SOCAR Proceedings is published from 1930 and is intended for oil and gas industry specialists, post-graduate (students) and scientific workers.
Journal is indexed in Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index), SCOPUS and Russian Scientific Citation Index, and abstracted in EI’s Compendex, Petroleum Abstracts (Tulsa), Inspec, Chemical Abstracts database.
A.P.Chizhov1, R.U.Rabaev1, V.E.Andreev1, A.V.Chibisov1, Z.A.Kuangaliev2, E.R.Efimov1, D.V.Ivanov3
Currently, the share of hard-to-recover oil reserves confined to carbonate reservoirs is more than 20% of the Volga-Urals hydrocarbon reserves. The use of traditional acid stimulation in conditions of a complex structure of carbonate reservoirs and low reservoir pressure is ineffective. In order to increase the efficiency of hydrochloric acid treatment, theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out aimed at increasing the efficiency of the work being carried out to stimulate the inflow to production wells that operate carbonate reservoirs. Filtration of the acid solution into low-permeability intervals of the carbonate reservoir involves the use of reverse counter-current capillary impregnation mechanisms. Analytical research methods made it possible to determine that the activation of the impregnation processes is carried out under conditions of nonstationarity of the pressure parameters of the reservoir system. Numerical modeling of the exposure process allowed to optimize the exposure parameters.
Keywords: well; bottom-hole zone; carbonate reservoir; reservoir; displacement; acid; impact; efficiency.
Currently, the share of hard-to-recover oil reserves confined to carbonate reservoirs is more than 20% of the Volga-Urals hydrocarbon reserves. The use of traditional acid stimulation in conditions of a complex structure of carbonate reservoirs and low reservoir pressure is ineffective. In order to increase the efficiency of hydrochloric acid treatment, theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out aimed at increasing the efficiency of the work being carried out to stimulate the inflow to production wells that operate carbonate reservoirs. Filtration of the acid solution into low-permeability intervals of the carbonate reservoir involves the use of reverse counter-current capillary impregnation mechanisms. Analytical research methods made it possible to determine that the activation of the impregnation processes is carried out under conditions of nonstationarity of the pressure parameters of the reservoir system. Numerical modeling of the exposure process allowed to optimize the exposure parameters.
Keywords: well; bottom-hole zone; carbonate reservoir; reservoir; displacement; acid; impact; efficiency.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400460
I.D.Mukhametgaliev, А.K.Agliullin, R.A.Ismakov, M.E.Loginova, A.R.Yakhin
The development of the modeling of the BHA for directional drilling
The article discusses the development of technology for directional drilling of oil and gas wells in the perspective of modeling downhole operations. The most significant mathematical models developed by Soviet and foreign scientists in the XX century are listed. An example of calculating the reaction on a bit based on the most widely used method of initial parameters is shown. In the process of a typical calculation of the deflecting force on the bit, it was possible to set the boundary conditions on the bottom hole assembly (BHA) supports in a natural form, using a well-known approach for calculating the deflection of the beam. The obtained results of calculations were applied in the construction of a simulation model for computer simulation based on a virtual program-simulator of the drilling directional wells. The simulating software allowed us to evaluate the effect of the Zenith angle of the well and the rigidity of the oriented layout on the deflecting force on the bit, the deflection of the turbo drill along the length from the bit to the nearest lower point of contact of the well wall.
Keywords: historical analysis; directional drilling; drilling simulation; the reaction on the bit; the BHA parameters.
The article discusses the development of technology for directional drilling of oil and gas wells in the perspective of modeling downhole operations. The most significant mathematical models developed by Soviet and foreign scientists in the XX century are listed. An example of calculating the reaction on a bit based on the most widely used method of initial parameters is shown. In the process of a typical calculation of the deflecting force on the bit, it was possible to set the boundary conditions on the bottom hole assembly (BHA) supports in a natural form, using a well-known approach for calculating the deflection of the beam. The obtained results of calculations were applied in the construction of a simulation model for computer simulation based on a virtual program-simulator of the drilling directional wells. The simulating software allowed us to evaluate the effect of the Zenith angle of the well and the rigidity of the oriented layout on the deflecting force on the bit, the deflection of the turbo drill along the length from the bit to the nearest lower point of contact of the well wall.
Keywords: historical analysis; directional drilling; drilling simulation; the reaction on the bit; the BHA parameters.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400461
A.V.Lyagov1, I.A.Lyagov2, I.N.Suleymanov1
Anti-vibration - stabilizing drill bottomhole assembly for «Perfobore» technical system
The article discusses the method of bottomhole assembly (BHA) for the «Perfobore» technical system, investigated as a complex of elastic-viscous working elements - coupled oscillators located in a dynamically disturbed section of the assembly. The length of the section is determined using the group velocity of propagation of the energy of a packet of quasi-harmonic waves differing from each other in phase and frequency, with prevailing natural frequencies, which are calculated after statistical processing of the obtained dynamograms of phase trajectories. Then, the working elements of the technical system are assembled with selected natural frequencies and taking into account various bending and torsional stiffnesses of the component assemblies (oscillators), and the damping properties of the assemblies are enhanced by the additional placement of hydromechanical axial load regulators with a variable vibration isolation coefficient in the calculated places of the «motion stability nodes».
Keywords: Perfobore; bottomhole drill string assembly; dynamically disturbed section; wave generator; oscillation; modulation; throb; group velocity; phase trajectory; spectral densities.
The article discusses the method of bottomhole assembly (BHA) for the «Perfobore» technical system, investigated as a complex of elastic-viscous working elements - coupled oscillators located in a dynamically disturbed section of the assembly. The length of the section is determined using the group velocity of propagation of the energy of a packet of quasi-harmonic waves differing from each other in phase and frequency, with prevailing natural frequencies, which are calculated after statistical processing of the obtained dynamograms of phase trajectories. Then, the working elements of the technical system are assembled with selected natural frequencies and taking into account various bending and torsional stiffnesses of the component assemblies (oscillators), and the damping properties of the assemblies are enhanced by the additional placement of hydromechanical axial load regulators with a variable vibration isolation coefficient in the calculated places of the «motion stability nodes».
Keywords: Perfobore; bottomhole drill string assembly; dynamically disturbed section; wave generator; oscillation; modulation; throb; group velocity; phase trajectory; spectral densities.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400462
Gen.G.Gilaev1, M.Ya.Khabibullin2, G.G.Gilaev3
In JSC Samaraneftegaz, in recent years, there has been a steady trend towards a reduction in the proportion of proppant fracturing and an increase in the proportion of acid stimulation. After analyzing the previously performed hydraulic fracturing works on the carbonate reservoirs of Samaraneftegaz JSC, as well as world experience, it can be assumed that an increase in the duration of the effect of hydraulic fracturing in carbonate reservoirs can be achieved through a combination of acid fracturing with the use of a proppant (proppant) , where a crosslinked acid gel can serve as the main sand-carrying fluid. However, due to the difference in the geological conditions of carbonate reservoirs, on which the experience of using acid gel as the main sand-carrying agent was considered, the feasibility of using proppant fracturing technology on a cross-linked acid gel requires a set of studies.
Keywords: terrigenous formations; carbonate; siliceous; reservoirs; hydraulic; fracturing; proppant.
In JSC Samaraneftegaz, in recent years, there has been a steady trend towards a reduction in the proportion of proppant fracturing and an increase in the proportion of acid stimulation. After analyzing the previously performed hydraulic fracturing works on the carbonate reservoirs of Samaraneftegaz JSC, as well as world experience, it can be assumed that an increase in the duration of the effect of hydraulic fracturing in carbonate reservoirs can be achieved through a combination of acid fracturing with the use of a proppant (proppant) , where a crosslinked acid gel can serve as the main sand-carrying fluid. However, due to the difference in the geological conditions of carbonate reservoirs, on which the experience of using acid gel as the main sand-carrying agent was considered, the feasibility of using proppant fracturing technology on a cross-linked acid gel requires a set of studies.
Keywords: terrigenous formations; carbonate; siliceous; reservoirs; hydraulic; fracturing; proppant.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400463
V.V.Mukhametshin
Oil production facilities management improving using the analogy method
For the conditions of an oil fields group characterized by an insufficiently high degree of oil reserves recovery, an algorithm for objects identifying using parameters characterizing the objects’ geological structure and having a predominant effect on the oil recovery factor is proposed. The proposed algorithm allows us to substantiate and use the analogy method to improve the oil production facilities management efficiency by targeted selection of the information about the objects and processes occurring in them, removing uncertainties in low density conditions, the emergence of real-time decision-making capabilities, determination of optimal ways of current problems solving, reducing the probability of erroneous decisions making, justifying the trend towards the goals achieving.
Keywords: method of analogies; differentiation; degree of reserves recovery; production facilities development management.
For the conditions of an oil fields group characterized by an insufficiently high degree of oil reserves recovery, an algorithm for objects identifying using parameters characterizing the objects’ geological structure and having a predominant effect on the oil recovery factor is proposed. The proposed algorithm allows us to substantiate and use the analogy method to improve the oil production facilities management efficiency by targeted selection of the information about the objects and processes occurring in them, removing uncertainties in low density conditions, the emergence of real-time decision-making capabilities, determination of optimal ways of current problems solving, reducing the probability of erroneous decisions making, justifying the trend towards the goals achieving.
Keywords: method of analogies; differentiation; degree of reserves recovery; production facilities development management.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400464
А.I.Ponomarev1, T.T.Ragimov1, E.S.Yushin2
The article proposes a solution to the problem of operating wells, at the bottom of which, during the production of reservoir products, fluid accumulates. It is shown that traditionally this field problem is solved by carrying out underground repairs, which creates the risk of the wells not being brought back to the initial parameters, primarily in terms of flow rate. The solution to this type of complication in the wells of the Cenomanian deposit of the Urengoy oil and gas condensate field is to transfer the wells to operation using concentric lift columns. This relatively new innovative technology allows for the removal of liquid from the bottom together with gas, thereby avoiding killing the well and its subsequent repair, as well as possible stimulating treatments to restore the necessary flow. It is shown that by calculating the dependencies and the software package it is possible to determine the critical and recommended flow rates for well operation without complications.
Keywords: concentric lift column; self-зressure; gas production; liquid accumulation at the bottom; algorithm for calculating critical flow rate.
The article proposes a solution to the problem of operating wells, at the bottom of which, during the production of reservoir products, fluid accumulates. It is shown that traditionally this field problem is solved by carrying out underground repairs, which creates the risk of the wells not being brought back to the initial parameters, primarily in terms of flow rate. The solution to this type of complication in the wells of the Cenomanian deposit of the Urengoy oil and gas condensate field is to transfer the wells to operation using concentric lift columns. This relatively new innovative technology allows for the removal of liquid from the bottom together with gas, thereby avoiding killing the well and its subsequent repair, as well as possible stimulating treatments to restore the necessary flow. It is shown that by calculating the dependencies and the software package it is possible to determine the critical and recommended flow rates for well operation without complications.
Keywords: concentric lift column; self-зressure; gas production; liquid accumulation at the bottom; algorithm for calculating critical flow rate.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400465
R.U.Rabaev1, R.N.Bakhtizin1, S.Kh.Sultanov1, V.I.Smurygin2, S.A.Blinov3, T.B.Bakishev3
The article discusses the problems of effective application of acid hydraulic fracturing (HF) technologies in carbonate reservoirs. The optimal technology of acid fracturing has been substantiated, adapted to the geological and production conditions of the development of productive deposits and mining equipment of a gas condensate field of the sea shelf. The results of the design and calculation of the predicted flow rate for specific geological and production conditions of candidate wells are presented.
Keywords: carbonate reservoir; gas condensate field; stimulation of oil production; acid hydraulic fracturing; displacement fluid; proppant; treatment design.
The article discusses the problems of effective application of acid hydraulic fracturing (HF) technologies in carbonate reservoirs. The optimal technology of acid fracturing has been substantiated, adapted to the geological and production conditions of the development of productive deposits and mining equipment of a gas condensate field of the sea shelf. The results of the design and calculation of the predicted flow rate for specific geological and production conditions of candidate wells are presented.
Keywords: carbonate reservoir; gas condensate field; stimulation of oil production; acid hydraulic fracturing; displacement fluid; proppant; treatment design.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400466
G.G.Gilaev1, M.Ya.Khabibullin2, D.G.Antoniadi1, T.V.Khismetov3
Development of devices for implementation pulse nonstationary waterflooding
To further improve the efficiency of the non-stationary flooding (acceleration of capillary impregnation oil closed pores) at the bottom of injection wells installed devices, creating pulses in the pumped liquid, with a packer. The article deals with a device designed for this purpose. A mathematical model of the device and output expressions to define the basic operating parameters of output. For comparison of theoretical calculations show the results of bench testing device. In view of previous research, the authors of substantiated the effectiveness of such devices for the nonstationary flooding in the system to maintain reservoir pressure. The preliminary positive data on fishing the use of these devices in the fields of NC «Rosneft» in 2015-2016.
Keywords: unsteady flooding; power number; method of averaging the Ritz; the elliptical integral.
To further improve the efficiency of the non-stationary flooding (acceleration of capillary impregnation oil closed pores) at the bottom of injection wells installed devices, creating pulses in the pumped liquid, with a packer. The article deals with a device designed for this purpose. A mathematical model of the device and output expressions to define the basic operating parameters of output. For comparison of theoretical calculations show the results of bench testing device. In view of previous research, the authors of substantiated the effectiveness of such devices for the nonstationary flooding in the system to maintain reservoir pressure. The preliminary positive data on fishing the use of these devices in the fields of NC «Rosneft» in 2015-2016.
Keywords: unsteady flooding; power number; method of averaging the Ritz; the elliptical integral.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400467
T.S.Sultanmagomedov, R.N.Bakhtizin, S.M.Sultanmagomedov
Experimental study of pipeline movements in permafrost soils
In article present the developed methodology will allow monitoring pipeline displacements under changes in operating conditions, as well as simulating unfavorable processes (thawing of soil, formation of taliks, violation of thermal insulation). The planning of the experiment was carried out to obtain the calculated mechanical characteristics of the soil, depending on the temperature and humidity, used to calculate the stress-strain state of the pipeline. A mathematical computer model has been developed to determine the radius and temperature field of the thawing halo around the pipeline. A template for displaying experimental data for their use in the finite element analysis of pipeline displacements during soil thawing is presented.
Keywords: permafrost soil; axial displacements; monitoring; operating conditions; stress-Strain state.
In article present the developed methodology will allow monitoring pipeline displacements under changes in operating conditions, as well as simulating unfavorable processes (thawing of soil, formation of taliks, violation of thermal insulation). The planning of the experiment was carried out to obtain the calculated mechanical characteristics of the soil, depending on the temperature and humidity, used to calculate the stress-strain state of the pipeline. A mathematical computer model has been developed to determine the radius and temperature field of the thawing halo around the pipeline. A template for displaying experimental data for their use in the finite element analysis of pipeline displacements during soil thawing is presented.
Keywords: permafrost soil; axial displacements; monitoring; operating conditions; stress-Strain state.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400468
I.V.Burenina, M.V.Gerasimova, M.A.Khalikova, I.A.Soloveva, L.A.Avdeeva
Concept for managing constraints of an oil field development project
The article is devoted to the identification and evaluation of specific design constraints in the implementation of oil field development projects. A sequence of stages for identifying, evaluating, and managing project constraints is formed. The characteristic of the levels of manageability of project constraints is given and the actions of the manager for each level are defined. A method is proposed for determining the ranks of restrictions, taking into account the probability of occurrence of a restriction and the degree of its influence on the project result. The system of values of the point scale for assessing the levels of manageability of project restrictions is defined. Relationship established of the riskiness of the project and the level of manageability of the design constraints.
Keywords: project constraints; risk; oil field development рroject; manageability level; constraint rank.
The article is devoted to the identification and evaluation of specific design constraints in the implementation of oil field development projects. A sequence of stages for identifying, evaluating, and managing project constraints is formed. The characteristic of the levels of manageability of project constraints is given and the actions of the manager for each level are defined. A method is proposed for determining the ranks of restrictions, taking into account the probability of occurrence of a restriction and the degree of its influence on the project result. The system of values of the point scale for assessing the levels of manageability of project restrictions is defined. Relationship established of the riskiness of the project and the level of manageability of the design constraints.
Keywords: project constraints; risk; oil field development рroject; manageability level; constraint rank.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400470
E-mail: ya.mgerasimova@yandex.ru
E.R.Babayev3, I.I.Safiullina2, E.Kh.Karimov3, I.Z.Mukhametzyanov3, A.Yu.Bakhtina3, E.M.Movsumzade3
Acrylic polymers for conditions of weakly acid conversion to resins, complex syntheses
The paper presents materials on the conversion of acrylic monomers to acrylic polymers. Similarly, polymers and copolymers obtained from acrylonitrile were prepared. On the basis of the results of quantum chemical calculations, the parameters of polymer and copolymer materials were established, which will make it possible to evaluate the possibilities of complexes of acrylonitrile polymers for the production of membranes.
Keywords: complexes; salts of transition metals; resins; membranes; ab initio calculations.
The paper presents materials on the conversion of acrylic monomers to acrylic polymers. Similarly, polymers and copolymers obtained from acrylonitrile were prepared. On the basis of the results of quantum chemical calculations, the parameters of polymer and copolymer materials were established, which will make it possible to evaluate the possibilities of complexes of acrylonitrile polymers for the production of membranes.
Keywords: complexes; salts of transition metals; resins; membranes; ab initio calculations.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400469
Y.N.Savicheva, O.A.Baulin, A.A.Enikeeva
One of the most effective methods for cleaning soil and water bodies from oil and oil products is the biotechnological method using oil-degrading bacteria. However, their production is a rather complicated process, during which many unfavorable factors act on the human body. The paper considers the process of cleaning an industrial fermenter with a CIP (Cleaning in Place) contactless cleaning system. An automatic metering valve for supplying direct steam during sterilization has been proposed. This reduces the human factor and the risk of workers being poisoned by surfactant species used to clean the fermenter.
Keywords: fermenter; bioreactor; surfactant species; metering valve; oil-degrading bacteria.
One of the most effective methods for cleaning soil and water bodies from oil and oil products is the biotechnological method using oil-degrading bacteria. However, their production is a rather complicated process, during which many unfavorable factors act on the human body. The paper considers the process of cleaning an industrial fermenter with a CIP (Cleaning in Place) contactless cleaning system. An automatic metering valve for supplying direct steam during sterilization has been proposed. This reduces the human factor and the risk of workers being poisoned by surfactant species used to clean the fermenter.
Keywords: fermenter; bioreactor; surfactant species; metering valve; oil-degrading bacteria.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400471
E-mail: ufa.savjulia@gmail.com
K.V.Moiseev1,2, V.S.Kuleshov1, R.N.Bakhtizin2
Free convective of a linear heterogeneous liquid in a square cavity at side heating
In this work the problem of free convection of the Newtonian poorly stratified liquid in the cell warmed up from left and cooled from right with the heat-insulated horizontal boarders is presented. Liquid with small concentration of salt and initial linear stratification on cell height is considered. The model of double diffusion in a Boussinesq approximation is applied to model the process. The problem is solved both in two - and three-dimensional statement by means of a control volume method and a SIMPLE algorithm. It is shown that vortex structures at the layered mode of convection have quasi-two-dimensional character.
Keywords: convection; stratified fluid; vortex structures; double diffusion; layered flow.
In this work the problem of free convection of the Newtonian poorly stratified liquid in the cell warmed up from left and cooled from right with the heat-insulated horizontal boarders is presented. Liquid with small concentration of salt and initial linear stratification on cell height is considered. The model of double diffusion in a Boussinesq approximation is applied to model the process. The problem is solved both in two - and three-dimensional statement by means of a control volume method and a SIMPLE algorithm. It is shown that vortex structures at the layered mode of convection have quasi-two-dimensional character.
Keywords: convection; stratified fluid; vortex structures; double diffusion; layered flow.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400472
V.L.Malyshev, E.F.Moiseeva
The paper presents a detailed algorithm for calculating the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium for multicomponent systems based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Various approaches are considered that make it possible to improve the quality of predicting phase equilibrium by the example of eight binary helium systems containing nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, and n-butane. The influence of the acentric factor and the binary interaction parameter on the accuracy of the helium systems phase behavior predicting is analyzed. The optimal interaction coefficients for the presented systems are found under the assumption that this parameter does not depend on temperature. The temperature range of applicability of various approaches is determined, which makes it possible to maximize the description of the phase behavior of helium systems.
Keywords: helium; Peng-Robinson equation of state; phase equilibrium; binary interaction parameter.
The paper presents a detailed algorithm for calculating the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium for multicomponent systems based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Various approaches are considered that make it possible to improve the quality of predicting phase equilibrium by the example of eight binary helium systems containing nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, and n-butane. The influence of the acentric factor and the binary interaction parameter on the accuracy of the helium systems phase behavior predicting is analyzed. The optimal interaction coefficients for the presented systems are found under the assumption that this parameter does not depend on temperature. The temperature range of applicability of various approaches is determined, which makes it possible to maximize the description of the phase behavior of helium systems.
Keywords: helium; Peng-Robinson equation of state; phase equilibrium; binary interaction parameter.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20200400473
E-mail: Victor.L.Malyshev@gmail.com