The lithofacies features influence of productive strata and a system of tectonic faults on the reservoir properties distribution of Jurassic deposits one of the area of Western Siberia was analysed. Main productive strata in this place is Tyumen suite. The facies model of field was updated according reconstruction of sedimentation environment by electrometric facies models (by Muromcev V. S), interpretation results of seismic and core descrition. Dedicated sedimentation zones show main conception of Western Siberia basin evolution in Jurassic. Lithofacies analysis allow to identify main features of sedimentation zones, find out a reasons of uneven reservoir properties distribution. Also influence of tectonic faults system on reservoir properties of productive layers was found. Data summation help update fault model and highlight new low-amplitude faults. Next comparing maps of initial and remaining recoverable reserves of oil with lithofacies and fault model of reservoir rock help identify reason of zones with high density deposits forming and develop most effictient stimulation of oil recovery.

Keywords: lithofacies analysis, Tyumen suite, grading analysis, block structure, tectonic fault, reservoir properties, flow barriers.

References

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Water-soluble gases in the Caspian-Guba oil and gas region began in the 90s of the last century. It was studied under the leadership of F. H. Dadashov and with the direct participation of the author. Gas and water samples were taken and analyzed from the required depths with depth sampling devices (PD-03 and PQM-1000). The isotope composition of the samples was studied at BP in London. Samples from aqueous complexes in Absheron, Productive layer and Cretaceous sediments were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the gas composition varies depending on the area and depth. In Khudat, Nabran and Khachmaz areas, the gas content of thermomineral waters distributed in the Productive Formation Aquatic Complex and reaching a temperature of 65 °C at the mouth of the well is mainly nitrogen, and in Yalama, Guba and Gusar areas it contains methane. In Mesozoic sediments (Upper Cretaceous), the gas content of thermal waters with a surface temperature of 86 °C is methane. Homologues of this component, as well as the content of nitrogen and carbon components in the total gas content have a relatively low percentage. The thermal waters of this sedimentary complex are chlorinated-sodium due to their hydrochemical composition.

Keywords: temperature; sediment; complex; component; composition; thermal waters; gas; methane; chloride; flow.

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The work is devoted to the results of production tests of a multilayer diamond crown with a comb profile of all impregnated layers separated by diamond-free layers of lower hardness. A distinctive feature of the crown is the placement of diamond-containing layers on a three-way screw surface with a small step. This makes it possible to involve in the process of deepening the fungus into a partially cracked zone the rock lying under the zone of diamond grains introduction. The zone of theoretical justification of the effectiveness of the profile of the matrix. The above-mentioned patent crown under the abbreviation KSB-3M (HQ) has passed production tests at the helogical facility of the Kazakh company. Rocks are mainly represented by carbonaceous-siliceous metagalium of the XIII - IX and partial X-th category. Drilling was carried out with the use of projectile with removable core receiver. 389 wells were drilled with one experimental crown, and most of the footage falls on the IX–category rock, which indicates the great durability of the tool. The mechanical drilling speed varies from 5.5 to 3.5 m/h depending on the rock quality. It was decided to continue experiments with KSB-3M crowns on other geological sections with harder rocks.

Keywords: production tests; multilayer immigrated crown; distribution drilling; high rock resistance.

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The results of thermophysical properties studies and stabilization of nano- and microfluids prepared on the basis of glycerol aqueous solutions are presented. The results of determination of thermal conductivity, rheology, interfacial tension and stability of the studied solutions are presented. Cu, Ni and Al nanoparticles were used for the preparation of nanofluids, and microparticles of the metal-string complex [Ni₅(μ₅-pppmda)₄Cl₂] synthesized in laboratory conditions were used for the preparation of microfluids. It was shown that the Ni₅ microfluid has a higher stability than the studied nanofluids due to the formation of hydrogen bonds, lower density of microparticles and the formation of ensembles of particles whose sizes are determined by the buoyancy conditions. The rheology of Ni₅ microfluids exhibiting thixotropic behavior is also significantly different. The investigated Ni₅ microfluids exhibited almost the same increase in thermal conductivity compared to the base fluid as the nanofluids. It is shown that the increase in thermal conductivity of the microfluids is related to the single-crystal structure of the used microparticles. An equation predicting a 10-fold increase in thermal conductivity for Ni₅ nanofluid solutions as compared to microfluids is proposed.

Keywords: nanofluid; microfluid; thermal conductivity; viscosity; stability.

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One common issue faced in the lifespan of oil or gas wells is water-cut, which leads to economic challenges due to water handling and operational costs, as well as reduced oil productivity. In this study, an organically cross-linked system consisting of HQ/HMTA is used for experimental work, as a substitute for the phenol/formaldehyde system with lower toxicity levels. The present study focuses on bulk gelation studies using the bottle testing method with polymer gelant prepared from PAM and HQ/HMTA. Determining the gelation time at different temperatures is important to understand the depth up to which the gel can be placed in the formation at reservoir temperature. The study revealed that gelation time can be controlled by adjusting gel composition and environmental conditions, ranging from a few hours to several days; higher polymer and crosslinker concentration in the gelant solution results in decreased gelation time, but excessive cross-linking leads to syneresis beyond a certain range; Gelation occurs more rapidly in the presence of low concentration salt compared to distilled water, but when brine concentration is increased, the gelation time increases due to the screening effect and reduced availability of cross-linking agents; Divalent ions tend to promote faster gelation compared to monovalent ions, likely due to their higher charge density. Overall, presented gel system is highly efficient in shutting off water in reservoirs.

Keywords: water shut-off; organically crosslinked gel; gelation time; resistance factor; residual resistance factor; divalent ions.

References

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Normally, gas and gas-condensate field development studies at the initial stage are based on the data acquired in a small number of exploratory wells, during the surveys that were conducted and the data was processed in breach of standard procedures. The paper discusses the method to determine the horizontal well productivity subject to the shape of the reservoir fragment (strip-like, circular, ellipsoidal); layout of the horizontal wellbores (single wells, well pads); variability of the bottomhole pressure in the horizontal section, etc. The authors point out the challenges they encountered in carrying out the tests and obtaining reliable data when producing the field with horizontal wells.

Keywords: shape of the drainage area; horizontal well; single wells and well pads; reservoir fragment; analysis of parameters.

References

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For the conditions of Western Siberian fields, a set of algorithms has been developed to effectively use the analogy method to solve various problems of improving the efficiency of managing the development of facilities in order to increase the subsoil user companies profitability and increase the degree of reserves development. A real search algorithm is proposed not only for analogous facilities, but also for groups of analogous facilities, which makes it possible to significantly expand the range of possible solutions to various problems. The results obtained make it possible to justify both the choice of a faciliy for a proven technology, method or system, and the choice of a technology, method or system for a faciliy. Block diagrams of dendrograms were created separately for stratigraphic systems, allowing to justify the expansion of areas for effective technologies application with minimal risks and to outline the zones with maximum ones.

Keywords: oil fields developmen; analogous objects; development technology; identification; management efficiency improvement; recoverable reserves.

References

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53. Mukhametshin, V. V. (2020). Oil production facilities management improving using the analogy method. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 42-50.

The paper considers the issues of the development of Bobrikovsko-Radaevsky and Tula formations among the Arlansky and Yugomashevsky oilfields, which are classic examples of the development of terrigenous reservoir. The analysis of the operational parameters was carried out for horizontal wells that were drilled into the terrigenous part of the Lower Carboniferous formations. There is a problem of premature flooding of the wells, which has low specific production rate of recoverable reserves. The displacement characteristics are similar to the typical displacement characteristics for a reservoir with an active aquifer based on analogy analysis. According to the results of the calculations performed, it was revealed that the time to achieve critical water cut is affected by the volume of oil equal to the volume of the half-cylinder figure with a radius equal to the distance between the wellbore tracing and the position of the oil-water contact, as well as the fluid rate. Achieving ater cut for wells with active bottom waters is a natural process of formation development within the downhole zone volume. The influence of downhole pressure on displacement characteristics for wells from different groups was studied. Wells were grouped according to the liquid rate, and it was shown that the displacement characteristics are improving for a group of wells with increasing liquid rate.

Keywords: terrigenous reservoir; oil; oilfield; horizontal well; water cut; fluid flow rate; forced extraction; bottom water; displacement characteristics.

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The most important filtration characteristics of productive formations are the oil and water phase and relative permeability. Methods for obtaining relative phase permeabilities can be divided into laboratory and analytical. Currently, the main source of information about RFP are techniques based on laboratory core studies. However, for each productive reservoir, it is desirable to have analytical models describing experimental data on RFP with an accuracy sufficient for practical purposes. The existence of such models will make it possible to increase the accuracy of development computer modeling. The analytical expressions obtained in this study allow us to take into account the influence of the pore channels heterogeneity in size on the relative phase permeabilities magnitude. It is shown that the pore channels heterogeneity in size can be estimated by the residual water saturation amount, which in turn can be determined from the geophysical well studies.

Keywords: relative permeability; residual water saturation; pore channels; capillarimetric and geophysical studies.

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The article shows that reservoirs of various genesis generalization into one petrophysical model using core intervals with the best filtration-capacitance properties leads to an overestimation of boundary values and a decrease in the resource potential of thin-layered and low-permeable facilities. Additional core sampling and dependencies revision using radioactive logging methods allowes us to take a fresh look at the facility, at the same time, the initial geological reserves increase by more than half and justify the status of hard-to-recover reserves, thereby increasing its attractiveness for commissioning initial geological reserves by more than half and justifying the status of hard-to-recover reserves, thereby increasing its development attractiveness. To improve the technical and economic assessment, the transition to a development system based on horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was justified, and the optimal parameters for the well grid density, their completion, and the reservoir pressure maintenance system organization were determined. The use of the recommendations makes it possible to increase the oil recovery factor and the net present value of the project by more than two times compared to the baseline approved option.

Keywords: hydraulic fracturing; hard-to-recover reserves; geomechanical model; development efficiency improvement; shale; low permeable reservoir.

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The article is devoted to the study of heat exchange processes in a well during induction heating of metal casing section. Heating of the column leads to an increase in the temperature of the fluid flow in the column. Due to short-term exposure, heat marks appear in the flow. Observation of their evolution forms the basis of active thermometry, a new method in borehole geophysics. Analytical solutions have been obtained for calculating the temperature changes of the upstream and casing during induction heating. Analytical solutions are compared with numerical simulation in Ansys Fluent*. It is shown that the discrepancy between the results of calculations based on analytical and numerical models decreases with an increase in the Reynolds number and the transition to a turbulent flow regime, with active mixing of the flow in the well in it is cross section. The developed models will be used in the planning of geophysical studies in wells by the method of active thermometry.

Keywords: active thermometry; borehole; induction heating; column temperature; Nusselt number; Laplace transformations.

References

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The emulsifiability of nonionic surfactants towards mineral oils is discussed. It was established that the emulsifiability of ethoxylated alkylphenols/alkyphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) as their compatibility with mineral oils (MOs) depend on the degree of ethoxylation and the chemical character of oil. The emulsifiability of APEOs as emulsifiers of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions can be expressed through the relationship of the water number (WN) of APEO to the (WN) of MO. This relationship assists the selection of the most suitable pair (emulsifier-oil) for a stable o/w emulsion formation.

Keywords: surfactants; hydrophile-lipophile balance; alkylphenol ethoxylates; emulsifier; water number; mineral oils; oil-in-water emulsions; emulsifiability.

References

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The article reveals the significance of the use of fillers in order to improve the anti-corrosion properties of ship paints and varnishes, considers the possibility of using fillers based on nanochalk and nanotalc in ship paints and varnishes. The process of obtaining highly dispersed powders of chalk and talc has been studied. Samples of nanotalc and nanochalk were obtained experimentally in the laboratory. A recipe has been developed and enamel based on nanotalc and nanochalk fillers has been tested. The issues of safety control for the environment in the production of the proposed methods for obtaining finely dispersed powder for marine coatings are considered. The proposed method makes it possible to increase corrosion resistance, thereby increasing the service life of ship hull material. The studies were carried out on shipbuilding sheet steel RSD-32. Steel coating was carried out by one control and three experimental samples. Studies of the prepared samples were carried out in the air and in the marine environment for 180 days. The experimentally established advantages confirmed the expediency of using nanochalk additives in the composition of paints and varnishes used in ship repair and shipbuilding industries.

Keywords: corrosion; filler; marine; nanochalk; nanotalc; paints and varnishes.

References

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The paper considers the problem of hydrate formation, which leads to a significant decrease in the level of production and the creation of a serious threat to the safety of working personnel. A device based on hydrodynamic cavitation to combat hydrate formation is proposed. Based on the turbulence model of shear stress transfer (SST) k-ù, an improved model of non-isothermal fluid flow is presented for the analysis of cavitation processes in the ANSYS CFX program. The model showed that a change in the design features of the cavitator leads to a change in the intensity of its formation, which, in turn, affects the thermodynamic characteristics of the flow. So, with the ratio of the helicoid surface to the length of the neck equal to 0.75, the length of the cavitation cloud was 154 mm, the maximum value of the average gas fraction content was 38%, and the maximum temperature change in the flow flowing through the cavitator reached 1 K. And with the ratio of the above-mentioned geometric parameters equal to 1, the length of the cavitation cloud reaches 245 mm, the maximum value of the average gas fraction content is 60%, and the temperature change of the flow flowing through the cavitator increases to 2 K. A departure from the zone of possible hydrate formation is achieved by increasing the flow temperature.

Keywords: Venturi tube; hydrate formation; CFD modeling; cavitation; cavitator.

References

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In this paper, we propose a method for calculating cylindrical shells in the area of support devices, based on the assumption that the shell material is ideal rigid-plastic. As a rule, the minimum required thickness of a cylindrical shell is determined when calculating its strength. However, in many cases, for example, design of equipment under internal pressure, the strength calculation does not provide an unambiguous solution, since such a shell can be reinforced with ribs. The more often the ribs are installed, the thinner the shell can be, but in this case, the manufacturability of the design deteriorates. It is known that a thin shell of large diameter is difficult to manufacture: the laboriousness of rolling, assembly, calibration, etc. increases. Thus, a simple method is proposed for determining the bearing capacity of cylindrical shells and plates in the area of support and sling devices, which does not require knowledge of the form of destruction. As can be seen, the produced shells have thicknesses greater than the calculated ones, therefore, the curves constructed according to the formulas can be taken as restrictive dependencies when assigning the minimum required thickness of the cylindrical shell. The use of these methods will reduce the metal consumption of structures.

Keywords: cylindrical; shell; thickness; support; shape; deformation.

References

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The introduction of intelligent control systems in oil fields is associated with a number of difficulties, in particular, related to the transmission of reliable data on the current state of the well, its main parameters: pressure, temperature and fluid flow, via wireless communication channels. Attempts to launch autonomous telemetry systems at oilfields equipped with multi-packer-sectional layouts were unsuccessful due to stable distortion of key information in the electromagnetic communication channel. The implementation of cable signal transmission systems is practically impossible due to the presence of several packers separating the layers in the well at the same time. This aspect significantly complicates the implementation of intelligent management of natural hydrocarbon deposits. As a solution to this problem, a method is proposed to correct errors that occur when transmitting telemetry data from the bottom-hole zone of an oil well over a wireless communication channel for cases when telemetry data is presented in a non-positional arithmetic code of the deduction class. The results of studies of the noise-resistant capabilities of the arithmetic code based on the Chinese remainder theorem have shown the expediency of using a deduction system. The article offers specific examples of detecting and correcting data errors in telemetry information.

Keywords: downhole telemetry; number system in deductions; correction of data errors.

References

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As a result of the extraction, processing, transportation and storage of oil, oil waste is formed, which are carriers of valuable products. The processing of these wastes makes it possible to obtain alternative energy sources in the form of fuel components, thereby making the oil and gas industry more sustainable, stabilizing the load on it. This article is devoted to the analysis of modern technologies for the thermal processing of hydrocarbon waste. An overview of existing technologies for handling organic waste is presented. The main advantages of thermal methods of processing and utilization are highlighted. Their advantages and disadvantages are given in general terms. It was revealed that the most promising method is thermal destruction due to the advantages of the purity of the feedstock. Modern technical solutions of each of the technologies are analyzed. A complex installation for thermal destruction with intensifying devices is presented. It has been established that the use of various intensifying devices in modern reactor equipment can increase the efficiency of thermal destruction.

Keywords: hydrocarbon waste; oily sludge; modern technologies; thermal methods; alternative sources; thermal destruction; reactor.

References

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Globalization has increased the role of world trade and transport. Oil is the number one source of energy for many industries, especially those based on motor-driven machines. The purpose of this paper is to give insight into the Hungarian energy sector situation and policy. Hungary is a small country with a relatively small amount of domestic energy resources. The Hungarian energy sector has often been determined by external factors and social needs in the past. Among the factors influencing the future of the country's energy sector is the need of society for reliable and secure energy and the country's efforts to overcome the vulnerability caused by energy shortages. Hungary's energy supply is highly dependent on Hungarian power plants, of which the Paks Nuclear Power Plant stands out, which accounts for 49 percent of total production. Like all countries' energy policy, Hungary will be most affected by environmental protection and world market prices. For the future, the primary goal is to secure a supply of national demand and reduce energy dependence.

Keywords: Azerbaijan; Hungary; energy sector; oil sector; renewable energy.

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This article provides an overview of the flare gases composition and methods for quantifying its emissions, as well as current trends in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the oil and gas industry which are associated with the combustion of associated gas at flare installations. For the oil and gas industry, synergy strategies have been proposed with bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) technologies. Modern technologies for the use of associated gas without combustion at flare installations are considered. Proposals to reduce flare gas emissions in the conditions of the Far North and the Arctic are presented to ensure sustainable development.

Keywords: flare gas; greenhouse gases; associated gas; oil and gas industry; sustainable development.

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Nowadays, the problem of the environment protection from pollution resulting from the spill of crude oil and products of oil processing, in particular reduced fuel oil, is very acute in the fuel and energy industry. An experimental study of the process of reduced fuel oil biodegradation in soil at various concentrations of pollution (5 and 10 g/kg), by the association of native oil-oxidizing microorganisms, was carried out in this work. Based on the obtained experimental data, a mathematical model is proposed that can be used to describe the process of biodegradation of reduced fuel oil and the concentration dynamics of oil-oxidizing microorganisms in contaminated soil. The results of numerical modeling demonstrated a fairly good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the results of experimental studies. The use of the developed mathematical model at the early stages of cleaning will make it possible to evaluate the results of various scenarios for cleaning soils contaminated with fuel oil, oil or oil products using native oil-oxidizing microorganisms and choose the most effective method.

Keywords: reduced fuel oil; oil-contaminated soil; native oil-oxidizing microorganisms; mathematical modeling.

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