Published by "OilGasScientificResearchProject" Institute of State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR).
SOCAR Proceedings is published from 1930 and is intended for oil and gas industry specialists, post-graduate (students) and scientific workers.
Journal is indexed in Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index), SCOPUS and Russian Scientific Citation Index, and abstracted in EI’s Compendex, Petroleum Abstracts (Tulsa), Inspec, Chemical Abstracts database.
I.S.Guliyev1, V.Yu.Kerimov2, A.V.Osipov2, R.N.Mustaev2
Generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons at great depths under the Earth's Crust
The discovery of large deposits of oil and gas at great depths in the Caspian Sea (Shah Deniz) and the Gulf of Mexico (Tyupi, Tibor) confirmed predictions petrogas great depths of the earth's crust. In a world in the depth interval 4500-8103 m has already developed more than 1,000 oil and gas fields. However, despite the obvious achievements, the overall efficiency of exploration work remains low, mainly due to the use of traditional forecast-search models. The purpose of this article is to study the processes of generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons at great depths under the Earth's crust. For the study of the problem we were held pyrolytic studies of rock samples from the mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan. The samples were
investigated by pyrolysis installation on Rock-Eval. To study and analysis of the above processes in a large depth of the earth's crust has been used technology of modeling of hydrocarbon systems. The research results have been integrated into the creation of three-dimensional models of hydrocarbon systems at great depths, taking into account geodynamics and geo-fluid-dynamics of the studied regions.
Keywords: great depths; Caspian sea; Earth's crust; generation; migration; accumulation; hydrocarbons; pyrolytic studies; mud volcano.
The discovery of large deposits of oil and gas at great depths in the Caspian Sea (Shah Deniz) and the Gulf of Mexico (Tyupi, Tibor) confirmed predictions petrogas great depths of the earth's crust. In a world in the depth interval 4500-8103 m has already developed more than 1,000 oil and gas fields. However, despite the obvious achievements, the overall efficiency of exploration work remains low, mainly due to the use of traditional forecast-search models. The purpose of this article is to study the processes of generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons at great depths under the Earth's crust. For the study of the problem we were held pyrolytic studies of rock samples from the mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan. The samples were
investigated by pyrolysis installation on Rock-Eval. To study and analysis of the above processes in a large depth of the earth's crust has been used technology of modeling of hydrocarbon systems. The research results have been integrated into the creation of three-dimensional models of hydrocarbon systems at great depths, taking into account geodynamics and geo-fluid-dynamics of the studied regions.
Keywords: great depths; Caspian sea; Earth's crust; generation; migration; accumulation; hydrocarbons; pyrolytic studies; mud volcano.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20170100302
B.H.Nugmanov
3D structural-tectonic modeling of geological structure of the deposit of «Kalamkas» field
The major challenge in regions with complex tectonics and structural framework, where horizontal drilling is associated with high risks for the geometrization of possible exploration targets, is to obtain a consistent structural interpretation of geological and geophysical data. A complex structural-tectonic interpretation of the geological structure of the deposit of «Kalamkas» field has been presented here. This interpretation includes the mapping of horizons and faults, as well as paleoreconstructions and check of the conceptual model equilibrium.
Keywords: «Kalamkas» field; tectonic; disjunctive fault; kriging; model.
The major challenge in regions with complex tectonics and structural framework, where horizontal drilling is associated with high risks for the geometrization of possible exploration targets, is to obtain a consistent structural interpretation of geological and geophysical data. A complex structural-tectonic interpretation of the geological structure of the deposit of «Kalamkas» field has been presented here. This interpretation includes the mapping of horizons and faults, as well as paleoreconstructions and check of the conceptual model equilibrium.
Keywords: «Kalamkas» field; tectonic; disjunctive fault; kriging; model.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20170100303
Y.Rugang1*, P.Chunyao1, Z.Zhenhua1, J.Dongxu2
Study on the structure of filter cake layer of water based drilling fluid
The objective of this work is to provide a new insight into the spatial distribution of physical, chemical structure of the filter cake layer. The spatial distribution was characterized by various analytical techniques, including high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) fluid loss test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDs), particle size distribution (PSD), fluorescence test, pore size, porosity, density, water and polymer content measurement etc.. Specific cake resistance and the permeability of the filter cake were measured. The results obtained show that the spatial distribution of filter cake layer structure changes from the top layer to bottom layer. A large amount of deformable colloid particles in the filter cake layer is beneficial to the reducing of the cake permeability. The polymer and water content of the cake layer decreased from the top cake layer to the bottom cake layer. Through the SEM images, cake layer was found to have a loose outer surface when compared with the bottom cake layer.
Keywords: filter cake layer structure; spatial distribution; scanning electron microscopy; particle size distribution; fluorescence test.
The objective of this work is to provide a new insight into the spatial distribution of physical, chemical structure of the filter cake layer. The spatial distribution was characterized by various analytical techniques, including high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) fluid loss test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDs), particle size distribution (PSD), fluorescence test, pore size, porosity, density, water and polymer content measurement etc.. Specific cake resistance and the permeability of the filter cake were measured. The results obtained show that the spatial distribution of filter cake layer structure changes from the top layer to bottom layer. A large amount of deformable colloid particles in the filter cake layer is beneficial to the reducing of the cake permeability. The polymer and water content of the cake layer decreased from the top cake layer to the bottom cake layer. Through the SEM images, cake layer was found to have a loose outer surface when compared with the bottom cake layer.
Keywords: filter cake layer structure; spatial distribution; scanning electron microscopy; particle size distribution; fluorescence test.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20170100304
E-mail: yaorg.gwdc@cnpc.com.cn
B.A.Suleimanov1*, E.M.Abbasov1, M.R.Sisenbayeva2
Mechanism of live oil viscosity anomaly near to bubble point pressure
The article presents experimental studies of the phase behavior by the flash liberation test and the viscosity of the live oil at different pressures. Unlike typical studies at the pressure near the saturation pressure, the measurements were conducted at the relatively small pressure increment of 0.08-0.25 MPa. The viscosity anomaly was discovered experimentally near to phase transition point in the range of the pressure levels P/Pb = 1-1.14 (Pb – bubble point pressure) and shows that it decreases about 70 times in compare to the viscosity at the reservoir pressure. It was found that the bubble point pressure decreases significantly (up to 36%) with surfactant addition. Furthermore, the viscosity of the live oil at the surfactant concentration of 5 wt.% decreases almost 37 times in compare to the viscosity at the reservoir pressure. The mechanism of observed effects was suggested based on formation of the stable subcritical gas nuclei and associated slippage effect. The mechanism for stabilization of the subcritical nuclei by the combined action of the surface and electrical forces, as well as the morphology of the formed nanobubbles, was considered. The model for determining the oil viscosity with the account of the slippage effect was suggested.
Keywords: live oil; phase transition; viscosity anomaly; subcritical nucleus; slippage effect; surfactant; surface tension; electrical charge.
The article presents experimental studies of the phase behavior by the flash liberation test and the viscosity of the live oil at different pressures. Unlike typical studies at the pressure near the saturation pressure, the measurements were conducted at the relatively small pressure increment of 0.08-0.25 MPa. The viscosity anomaly was discovered experimentally near to phase transition point in the range of the pressure levels P/Pb = 1-1.14 (Pb – bubble point pressure) and shows that it decreases about 70 times in compare to the viscosity at the reservoir pressure. It was found that the bubble point pressure decreases significantly (up to 36%) with surfactant addition. Furthermore, the viscosity of the live oil at the surfactant concentration of 5 wt.% decreases almost 37 times in compare to the viscosity at the reservoir pressure. The mechanism of observed effects was suggested based on formation of the stable subcritical gas nuclei and associated slippage effect. The mechanism for stabilization of the subcritical nuclei by the combined action of the surface and electrical forces, as well as the morphology of the formed nanobubbles, was considered. The model for determining the oil viscosity with the account of the slippage effect was suggested.
Keywords: live oil; phase transition; viscosity anomaly; subcritical nucleus; slippage effect; surfactant; surface tension; electrical charge.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20170100305
E-mail: Baghir.Suleymanov@socar.az
N.M.Quy1, P.N.Trung2*
In order to study the effectiveness of several technologies to improve gas and condensate recovery, including production regime (gas rate, pressure drawdown control), well stimulation (acidizing, hydraulic fracturing), the utilization of highly deviated and horizontal wells and gas injection (gas cycling, dry gas injection), a numerical simulation model for the near-wellbore region of a production well in the Nam Con Son gas condensate field offshore Vietnam, was constructed to model the condensate banking process in the vicinity of the well-bore and its impacts on the well productivity index.
Keywords: condensate blockage; dew point pressure; well productivity index; well deliverability; near-wellbore modeling.
In order to study the effectiveness of several technologies to improve gas and condensate recovery, including production regime (gas rate, pressure drawdown control), well stimulation (acidizing, hydraulic fracturing), the utilization of highly deviated and horizontal wells and gas injection (gas cycling, dry gas injection), a numerical simulation model for the near-wellbore region of a production well in the Nam Con Son gas condensate field offshore Vietnam, was constructed to model the condensate banking process in the vicinity of the well-bore and its impacts on the well productivity index.
Keywords: condensate blockage; dew point pressure; well productivity index; well deliverability; near-wellbore modeling.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20170100306
O.A.Abdukamalov1, L.N.Serebryakova2, A.R.Tastemirov2
Technology of shock-wave treatment (SVT) for bottomhole zone clean out has been recently put into practice on the fields of Kazakhstan. The process involves usage of ARPD solvents, scale solvents and non-ionic surfactants. The combined effect of impulses generated by special equipment, and selected for specific chemical compositions that dissolve inorganic salts and ARPD increases the rate of deposit removal under SVT for several times. The results of injection wells’ bottom-hole zone cleanup by SVT method using chemical compositions in «Zhetybai»field showed that the average well injectivity in 38 injection wells has grown from 7 m3/day to 195 m3/day followed cleanup, and the injection pressure here reduced by 0.4-0.5 MPa, which proves the process efficiency.
Keywords: shock-wave treatment; bottomhole zone; «Zhetybai» field; surfactants; ARPD.
Technology of shock-wave treatment (SVT) for bottomhole zone clean out has been recently put into practice on the fields of Kazakhstan. The process involves usage of ARPD solvents, scale solvents and non-ionic surfactants. The combined effect of impulses generated by special equipment, and selected for specific chemical compositions that dissolve inorganic salts and ARPD increases the rate of deposit removal under SVT for several times. The results of injection wells’ bottom-hole zone cleanup by SVT method using chemical compositions in «Zhetybai»field showed that the average well injectivity in 38 injection wells has grown from 7 m3/day to 195 m3/day followed cleanup, and the injection pressure here reduced by 0.4-0.5 MPa, which proves the process efficiency.
Keywords: shock-wave treatment; bottomhole zone; «Zhetybai» field; surfactants; ARPD.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20170100307
N.I.Huseynova
With time, the deformation of shaft (bottom) zone of operated wellsresults in changes in reservoir properties in some parts of the field. Accordingly, the quality and quantity of produced products changes as well. Therefore, activities aimed at Production Enhancement require formation impact assessment, in view of its geo-mechanical and filtration properties, which varyunder thefield development. We have developed an assessment method for pressure gradient required for formation stimulation when capacity control. Redistribution of filtration properties due to the change in the stress-strain state of the reservoiris estimated taking into account wells interference on thestimulation site.
Keywords: formation; wells, filtration; productivity; deformation; stress; stress-deformed state; interference
With time, the deformation of shaft (bottom) zone of operated wellsresults in changes in reservoir properties in some parts of the field. Accordingly, the quality and quantity of produced products changes as well. Therefore, activities aimed at Production Enhancement require formation impact assessment, in view of its geo-mechanical and filtration properties, which varyunder thefield development. We have developed an assessment method for pressure gradient required for formation stimulation when capacity control. Redistribution of filtration properties due to the change in the stress-strain state of the reservoiris estimated taking into account wells interference on thestimulation site.
Keywords: formation; wells, filtration; productivity; deformation; stress; stress-deformed state; interference
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20170100308
F.R.Mehdiyev, I.Yu.Silvestrova
Algorithm for oil production scheduling on «Guneshly» field
The article deals with the problem of long term oil production planning. Here is proved the application of the planning method adjusted using statistical methods, based on the past period and the current state of the deposit. The algorithm of the proposed scheduling method along the horizont in Pereriv formation at "Gunashli" field since the beginning of its development has been analyzed by comparing the real level of technical and economic parameters with the projected ones. The production history has been traced.
Keywords: oil production planning; well stock; production rate; operating factor; change of oil production rate.
The article deals with the problem of long term oil production planning. Here is proved the application of the planning method adjusted using statistical methods, based on the past period and the current state of the deposit. The algorithm of the proposed scheduling method along the horizont in Pereriv formation at "Gunashli" field since the beginning of its development has been analyzed by comparing the real level of technical and economic parameters with the projected ones. The production history has been traced.
Keywords: oil production planning; well stock; production rate; operating factor; change of oil production rate.
References
DOI: 10.5510/OGP20170100309
E-mail: fuadr.mehdiyev@socar.az