The article considers the classification attributes of non-anticlinal traps on the basis of analytical research and critical analysis of literary sources. A certain excess of classification definitions and characteristics of traps, used by researchers both to describe universal schemes and for specific oil and gas basins, and their frequent discrepancies reasonably lead ultimately to an enlargement of types and subtypes of traps, combining them into three main classes of accumulations: continuous and quasi-continuous (unconventional) and discontinuous (conventional). It is noted that in combination with geophysical, seismostratigraphic, paleogeographic, paleotectonic, hydrogeological and other methods of studying the genesis and morphology of traps, and their search, geochemical methods of forecasting and searching for hydrocarbon accumulations at all stages of prospecting and exploration are now widely introduced. The practical possibilities of geochemical methods for evaluating the effective productivity of thin traps of carbonaceous formations are shown on the example of the Bazhenov and Domanik deposits of Russia, as well as the shale plays of the Bakken, Eagle and others in the United States.

Keywords: non-anticlinal traps; thin traps; reservoirs; oil and gas; classification of traps; carbonaceous formations; geochemical studies.

References

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The research is based on the three-layer natural hydrocarbon reservoirs theory, which allocates 3 layers in a natural reservoir – the genuine seal, the productive part and the intermediate layer situated between them - the false seal. The Middle Ordovician-Lower Frasnian terrigenous complex variable in thickness, composition and stratigraphic completeness sub-regional natural reservoir was identified in the northern part of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province adjacent to the Pechora Sea. It includes several zonal and local natural reservoirs (Middle Ordovician-Lower Devonian, Middle Ordovician-Eiffelian, Zhivetian-Lower Frasnian and others). The distribution areas of these natural reservoirs were extrapolated to the Pechora Sea offshore. The areas with the highest prospects of oil and gas potential of the Pechora Sea offshore were delineated, basing on the Timan-Pechora oil and gas potential analysis. These are the northwest extensions into the Pechora Sea of the Denisov trough, the Kolva megaswell, as well as the Varandei-Adzva structural zone and the Karotaiha depression.

Keywords: natural reservoir; genuine seal; false seal; field; pool; hydrocarbons.

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The standard seismic prospecting has been designed to investigate thin layering at shallow depths. At depths more than 4 km the rocks are significantly compacted, change their properties and it is often impossible to trace clear horizons by reflected waves. In the crystalline basement and lower horizons of the sedimentary cover the block structure of rocks is clearly manifested. Taking this into account geological models should be developed and other predictive indicators should be used when searching for hydrocarbon accumulations. For the study of great depths more informative seismic methods are emission and transmission tomography which have been developed in detail in seismology. This article discusses prognostic indicators different from seismic prospecting and presents experimental results confirming the success of emission tomography in their detection using the example of field studies at developed hydrocarbon deposit and other geophysical objects. The range of working depths of research covers the entire crust of the Earth including the crust-mantle transition zone.

Keywords: seismic emission; emission tomography; rocks; hydrocarbon deposits.

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The need to maintain the level of production and an acceptable cost of developing oil and gas fields forces us to rely primarily on the existing reserve, that is, to maximize the potential of traditional oil and gas production regions and adjacent territories - the marginal zones. At the same time, it is necessary to develop unexplored sedimentary complexes at depths of more than 3-5 km. Against this background, it is necessary to highlight a special phenomenon that increases the oil and gas potential of the subsoil associated with trap magmatism. The insufficient level of knowledge of the subsoil makes it possible to predict the discovery of large oil and gas deposits of the traditional type, which will ensure their high profitabilitye.

Keywords: trap magmatism; profitability of oil and gas resources; marginal zones; hornfels; transformation of carbonates; rocks of trap formations; regional seals.

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The article scientifically substantiates and systematizes the types of work and research methods to identify and search for hydrocarbon accumulations associated with non-anticlinal traps, consistently at all stages of geological exploration. The tasks and criteria for forecasting and identifying non-anticlinal traps at each stage of geological exploration are formulated. New research methods are proposed.

Keywords: oil; gas; non-anticlinal traps; study scheme; types of work; research methods; forecast criteria; stages of geological exploration.

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The paper considers the improvement in classification of oil and gas traps formed in non-anticlinal conditions. The relevant aim is to expand the areas where hydrocarbon accumulations are searched for and to take into account the new search attributes. Evaporite rocks, widely developed in many oil and gas basins, have properties that contribute to the preservation of hydrocarbon deposits. Depending on the structural features of the salt formations, their impact on the location of oil and gas deposits varies. The deposits associated with the evaporite rocks are analyzed. Types of traps, the main factor in formation of which are evaporites, are defined. Such traps are proposed to be treated as a separate category.

Keywords: evaporite rocks; non-structural and combined traps; hydrocarbon accumulations; classifications of traps; tectonic style; sealed reservoirs.

References

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9. Grunis, E. B., Rostovschikov, V. B., Bogdanov, B. P. (2016). Ordovician salts and their role in the structure and oil and gas potential of the northeast of the Timan-Pechora province. Georesursy, 18(1), 13–23.
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Taking into account the world and domestic experience of studying the ontogenesis of lithospheric hydrogen a combination of coupled hydrochemical, geochemical and microbiological factors of the accumulation of this natural gas together with methane in the terrigenous formations of the sedimentary cover is justified. It is predicted that various hydrochemical and microbiological processes that cause the development of carbon dioxide and sulfate corrosion of engineering structures, as well as cement of reservoir rocks and tires, can occur together with methane at industrial facilities of underground storage of hydrogen. The risks of reducing the volume of injected hydrogen in underground storage in addition to diffusion losses can be associated with geobiological factors, including the conversion of hydrogen into CH4 and H2S due to microbial activity, chemical interaction of hydrogen with minerals of reservoirs and tires, accompanied by changes in filtration-capacity and geomechanical properties, hydrogen embrittlement of metal structures of ground and underground well equipment.

Keywords: geobiology; hydrogen; methane; underground storage; methanogenesis; acetogenesis; sulfate reduction.

References

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The Baltic kerogenic shale – kukersites (О2kk) were considered high-carbon marls which consist of three rock-forming components: organic matter (kerogen), carbonates and terrigenous material. As example used are data of the other high-carbon rocks. It is shown that increased concentrations of organic matter predetermine a number of features of these rocks (reduced density, reduced strength, etc.). The concentrations variability of the organic matter makes conditions the heterogeneity of the intraformational space, the anisotropy of many parameters, as well as the manifestation unevenness of the fluid-generation and evacuation capabilities. It was found that in kukersite shales fluid-generating properties can appear at the earliest stages of catagenesis. The role of areas with the maximum qualities of organic matter in the defluidisation of the shale coals is emphasized: here the more intensive generation of gas-liquid products and increased strength contribute to the earlier formation of drainage microcracks and fluid fractures. The appearance of shrinkage cracks due to catagenic losses of organic matter and usually uneven volume contraction and due to fluidgenerating shale coals is substantiated. The possibility of fluid-generating shale coals losing it lithological individuality during of it defluidisation is found out.

Keywords: organic matter; oil shale; kukersite; defluidization; catagenesis; hydrocarbons.

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Conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon systems and prospects for searching for accumulations of oil and gas in the waters of the Eastern Arctic are considered. Significant hydrocarbon potential is predicted in the sedimentary basins of this region. All known manifestations of oil hydrocarbons are installed on land adjacent to the south, as well as on the east of the shelf. The East Arctic waters are included in a single model in order to perform an adequate comparative analysis of the evolution of hydrocarbon systems. The purpose of the research was to build space-time digital models of sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon systems, and to quantify the volume of generation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbons for the main horizons of source rocks. To achieve this goal, a spatiotemporal numerical basin simulation was carried out, based on which the distribution of probable hydrocarbon systems was determined and further analyzed. Following to the data obtained the most probable HC accumulation zones and types of fluids contained in potential traps were predicted.

Keywords: numerical space-time basin modeling; modeling of hydrocarbon systems; evidence of oil and gas presence; Eastern Arctic; elements of hydrocarbon systems; oil and gas reservoirs; migration; accumulation; perspective objects.

References

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High-viscosity oil belong to unconventional sources of hydrocarbon raw materials, the share of which is growing every year. The development of this complex type of raw material requires modern scientific technologies in order to maintain the production of hydrocarbons at the same level. Technologies for the extraction and processing of heavy oil are different from traditional ones. First of all, these deposits are located at a shallow depth, but are classified as difficult to recover due to the complex geological structure and high anomalous oil viscosity. The objective of this work is a deeper understanding of the geochemical composition of heavy oil deposits, taking into account the peculiarities of their geological structure. This is important for the successful development of new and improvement of existing technologies for the extraction and processing of heavy oil and the implementation of the resource potential of heavy oils in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Keywords: heavy oil; unconventional oil; biodegradation; GC-MS; geochemical methods.

References

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The article discusses the tectonics and developmental features of the Volga-Ural anteclise during the Baikalian, Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine tectogenesis cycles. In this paper, particular attention is paid to stages and directional development during the evolution of geological structures. The main factors of the formation and destruction of Permian viscous oil and natural bitumen reservoirs are presented in the provisions of oil ontogenesis. It was noted the cyclical nature of these phenomena.

Keywords: Volga-Ural anteclise; super-viscous oil; tectonic; reservoir; oil.

References

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5. Osipov, A. V., Kerimov, V. Yu., Vasilenko, E. I., Monakova, A. S. (2019). Petroleum systems formation conditions in the deeply sediments in South-East part of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 4-18.
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7. Larochkina, I. A. (2008). Geological basis of prospecting and exploration of oil and gas fields in the Republic of Tatarstan. Kazan: PF Gart LLC publishing house.
8. Troepolsky, V. I. (1964). Geological structure and oil content of the Aksubaevo-Melekess depression. Kazan: Publishing house of Kazan University.
9. Ignatiev, V. I. (1976). The formation of the Volga-Ural anteclise in the Permian period. Kazan: Publishing house of Kazan University.
10. Uspensky, B. V. (1996). The influence of tectonics on the formation and distribution of hydrocarbons in the central regions of the Volga-Ural region. Tectonic and paleogeomorphological aspects of oil and gas potential. Ukraine: Abstracts of the International Conference.

Structural and geomorphological methods are often applied to the search for small oil-producing structures. Morphometric analysis of digital elevation models has proved to be the most informative one. Morphometric surfaces can be used to evaluate the direction and amplitude of vertical movements, to outline local and regional neotectonic structures and assess their petroleum saturation. This paper shows how to enhance the traditional morphometric analysis with GIS (geographic information systems) tools. A manifold increase in the efficiency of morphometric analysis takes it to a qualitatively new level. Setting specific parameters for some geoprocessing tools (for example, stream network tools) can be very important when studying local structures in small areas. In case of large territories, the output result is almost independent of the calculation errors. The improved technique proposed in this paper was tested on a large territory located in the Volga region. As a result, high-order morphometric surfaces were obtained, which was not possible before. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was discovered between morphometric surfaces and distribution of oil deposits, which can be considered a reliable prospecting indicator in the Volga-Ural petroleum province.

Keywords: neotectonics; structural and morphological methods; geoinformation systems; hydrocarbon potential assessment.

References

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Laboratory studies of the geomechanical properties of rocks are an important and integral part in building a geomechanical model. This study resulted in a set of data on geomechanical and elastic properties of the rocks that compose the lower part of the Middle Carboniferous section of the Ivinskoye oilfield (Russia). Relationships between various elastic parameters were also established. The distribution of geomechanical properties correlates with structural/textural features of the rocks under study and their lithological type. This information can be used as a basis for geomechanical modeling and in preparation for hydraulic fracturing.

Keywords: geomechanics; elastic properties; carbonate rock; laboratory core studies.

References

1. Zoback, M. D. (2007). Reservoir geomechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Mavko, G., Mukerji, T., Dvorkin, J. (2009). The rock physics handbook. Cambridge University Press.
3. ASTM D2845-08. (2008). Standard test method for laboratory determination of pulse velocities and ultrasonic elastic constants of rock (Withdrawn 2017). PA, West Conshohocken: ASTM International. www.astm.org
4. ASTM D3967-08. (2008). Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of intact rock core specimens. PA, West Conshohocken: ASTM International. www.astm.org
5. ASTM D7012-14. (2014) Standard test methods for compressive strength and elastic moduli of intact rock core specimens under varying states of stress and temperatures. , PA, West Conshohocken: ASTM International. www.astm.org
6. (2015). The ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 2007–2014 / ed. Ulusay, R. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

This article presents the results of a geochemical survey carried out in the southwestern part of the Siberian platform, within the Sayan-Yenisei (Angara) syneclise (a superorder Riphean-Middle Paleozoic structure). The object of research was hydrocarbon gases contained in the subsoil rocks (clays). The subsoil samples were taken from the bottom of boreholes (40 mm in diameter) made with an electric drill. The sampling depth was 0.6–1 m. Further laboratory studies included chromatographic and isotope analysis. Lineament analysis of the digital elevation model was carried out as a complementary study. One of the lineament analysis results was a lineament density map, which reflects the permeability (macro-fracture density) of the sedimentary cover. This allowed a comparison of the macro-fracture density with the gas content and isotopic composition. The study revealed that gases with a high content of heavy isotopes tend to gather in the low permeability areas. This can be explained by the fact that the gases disperse quickly within fractured zones, and deep gases should be expected only in the areas with strong cap rocks, i.e. in the areas with low macrofracture density where stable hydrocarbon deposits have already formed.

Keywords: hydrocarbons; geochemical survey; isotope geochemistry; lineament analysis.

References

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It was identified three stages of reservoir rock formation of the Pashyisky horizon of the Frasnian stage of the Upper Devonian at the Romashkinskoye field, based on optical microscopic studies. The first stage, associated with clastic deposits sedimentation and marked by clastic grains dense structural packing formation, close to cubic. The second diagenetic stage of quartz sandstones is associated with the subsidence stage of sediments into the burial zone. During this period were actively proceeding the processes of grains mechanical deformation, blastesis of quartz clasts, the formation of siderite fragments, and fibrous chalcedony, partially metasomatic replacing clay layers in sandstones. The third diagenetic stage in quartz sandstones is associated with the migration of underground gas-water solutions. Analysis of the transformation degree of the Pashyisky horizon quartz sandstones at different areas of the Romashkinskoye field revealed the relationship between the intensity of secondary diagenetic processes and the degree of rocks oil saturation.

Keywords: pashyisky horizon; oil; sandstone; reservoir; diagenesis.

References

1. Yapaskurt, O. V. (2016). The staged analysis of mineral witnesses of the dynamics of the formation and evolution of sedimentary rocks is a promising scientific direction in lithology and oil and gas geology. Georesursy, 18(31), 64-68.
2. Isgandarov, M. M., Abuzarova, A. H. (2013). Substantiation of criteria for oil & gas content in heterogeneous sandy-siltstone reservoirs (on an example of deposits of the Baku archipelago). SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 6-10.
3. Vinogradov, L. D., Sakhibgareev, P. C., Kisis, H. A. (1982). Catagenetic healing of oil and gas deposits with halite. Oil and Gas Content of the Regions of Ancient Salt Accumulation, 112-121.
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5. Nemova, V. D. Koloskov, V. N., Gavrilov, S. S., Pokrovsky, B. G. (2010). Staging and direction of secondary transformations of reservoir rocks of the Lower Tutleim Subformation in the west of the Shirotnoye Ob region. Geology of Oil and Gas, 6, 22-28.
6. Loscheva, Z. A., Magdeev, M. Sh., Agafonov, S. G., et al. (2017). A new look at the geological structure of the Pashi horizon (D3ps) of the Aznakaevskaya area of the Romashkinskoye oil field. Georesursy, 19(1), 21-26.
7. Melnikov, I. A. (2019). The intensity of superimposed epigenesis processes as an indicator of oil saturation in sandy reservoirs. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Engineering of Georesources, 330(6), 90-97.
8. Korolev, E. A. (2014). Stages of transformation of the Tulsky-Bobrikovsky sandstone reservoirs in erosion cuts in the territory of Tatarstan. Scientific notes of Kazan University, 156 (3), 87-97.
9. Korolev, E. A., Bakhtin, A. I., Eskin, A. A., Khanipova, R. R. (2016). Diagenetic changes of sandstone reservoir of Ashalchinskoye bitumen deposit. Oil Industry, 10, 26-28.
10. Khisamov, R. S., Voitovich, E. D., Liberman, V. B., et al. (2006). Tectonic and oil-geological zoning of the territory of Tatarstan. Kazan: FEN.
11. Baranov, V. A. (2014). Microdeformations of quartz in Carboniferous sandstones of Donbas. PNRPU Bulletin. Geology. Oil and Gas and Mining, 12, 75-86.
12. Boeva, M., Novikov, V. M., Boeva, N. M., et al. (2016). The first find of biogenic nanosiderite in oxidized ferruginous quartzites of the Lebedinsky deposit. Reports of the Academy of Sciences, 466(5), 569-573.
13. Naimark, E. B., Eroshchev-Shak, V. A., Chizhikova, N. P., Kompantseva, E. I. (2009). Interaction of clay minerals with microorganisms: a review of experimental data. Journal of General Biology, 70(2), 155-167.
14. Katz, M. Ya., Simanovich, I. M. (1974). Quartz of crystalline rocks (mineralogical features and density properties). Moscow: Nauka.
15. Taranenko, E. I., Bezborodov, R. S., Khakimov, M. Yu. (2001). Converting reservoirs to oil reservoirs. Geology of Oil and Gas, 2, 18-22.
16. Sakhibgareev, R. S. (1989). Secondary reservoir changes during the formation and destruction of oil deposits. Leningrad: Nedra.
17. Semeikin, I. N., Sheveleva, N. N. (2011). Facies rows of marine carbonate sediments and their ore content. Bulletin of the Siberian Branch. Geosciences Section of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, 38(1), 139-150.
18. Korolev, E. A., Kolchugin, A. N., Bakhtin, A. I., et al. (2021). Features of the transformation of Visean quartz sandstones under the influence of water-oil fluids. Lithosphere (Russian Federation), 198-206.
19. Kolchugin, A., Immenhauser, A., Morozov, V., et al. (2020). A comparative study of two Mississippian dolostone reservoirs in the Volga-Ural Basin, Russia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 199, 104465.

A feature of the oil-bearing carbonate deposits of the lower Pennsylvanian in the east of the Russian platform is their rapid vertical and horizontal change. It is often difficult to make correlations between sections, especially in the absence of core data when using only geophysical data. In addition, not all facies are reliably identified and traceable from log data and not all have high reservoir properties. Authors made an attempt to trace the promising facies both to adjacent wells and, in general, to the entire field area using core study results and translation of these results using log and seismic data. The data showed pinching of rocks with high reservoir characteristics in the direction of the selected profile (from south to north within the field). Coastal shallow water facies, represented by Grainstones and Packstones, with high reservoir properties in the south of the field, are replaced by lagoon facies and facies of subaerial exposures, represented by Wakestones and Mudstones with low reservoir characteristics, in the north of the field. The authors suggest that this approach can be applicable for rocks both in this region and for areas with a similar structure.

Keywords: pinch-out; well data; seismic data; limestone; facies; reservoir rocks.

References

1. Kochneva, O. E., Koskov, V. N. (2013). Lithological and facial correlation of Bashkirian carbonate deposits according to the data of field-geophysical research: Oilfield business, 9, 32-38.
2. Andreev, A. V., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Kotenev, Yu. A. (2016). Deposit productivity forecast in carbonate reservoirs with hard to recover reserves. SOCAR Proceedings, 3, 40-45.
3. Kolchugin, A. N., Porta, G. D., Morozov, V. P., et al. (2020). Facies variability of pennsylvanian oilsaturated carbonate rocks (constraints from Bashkirian reservoirs of the South-East Tatarstan). Georesursy, 22(2), 29-36.
4. Long, S., You, Y., Jiang, S., et al. (2020). Integrated characterization of ultradeep reef-shoal reservoir architecture: A case study of the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in the giant Yuanba gas field, Sichuan Basin, China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 195, 107842.
5. Sfidari, E., Sharifi, M., Amini, A., et al. (2021). Reservoir quality of the Surmeh (Arab-D) reservoir in the context of sequence stratigraphy in Salman Field, Persian Gulf. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 198, 108180.
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In the last two decades in conjunction with the development of satellite gravimetry, the techniques of regional-scale inverse and forward gravity
modeling started to be more actively incorporated in the construction of crustal and lithospheric scale models. Such regional models are usually built as a set of layers and bodies with constant densities. This approach often leads to a certain difference between the initially used measured gravity field and a gravity field that is produced by the model. One of the examples of this kind of models is a recent lithospheric model of the Volgo-Uralian subcraton. In the current study, we are applying the method of «native» wavelet transform to the residual gravity anomaly for defining the possible lateral density variations within the lithospheric layers of Volgo-Uralia.

Keywords: wavelet transform; gravity field inversion; forward gravity modeling; Volgo-Uralian subcraton; satellite gravimetry.

References

1. Bogdanova, S. V., Gorbatschev, R., Garetsky, R. G. (2016). EUROPE|East European Craton /in book: Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences. Elsevier.
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3. Lozin, E. V. (2002). Depth structure and oil and gas potential of the Volga-Ural region and adjacent territories. Lithosphere, 3, 46–68.
4. Artemieva, I. M., Thybo, H. (2013). EUNAseis: A seismic model for Moho and crustal structure in Europe, Greenland, and the North Atlantic region. Tectonophysics, 609, 97–153.
5. Mints, M. V., Suleimanov, A. K., Babayants, P. S., et al. (2010). Deep structure, evolution and minerals of the Early Precambrian basement of the East European Platform: Interpretation of materials on the reference profile 1-EU, profiles 4B and TATSEIS. GEOKART: GEOS.
6. Trofimov, V. A. (2006). Deep CMP seismic surveying along the Tatseis-2003 geotraverse across the Volga-Ural petroliferous province. Geotectonics, 40(4), 249-262.
7. Ognev, I., Ebbing, J., Haas, P. (2021). Crustal structure of the Volgo-Uralian subcraton revealed by inverse and forward gravity modeling [preprint]. Solid Earth Discussions, 1-27.
8. Haas, P., Ebbing, J., Szwillus, W. (2020). Sensitivity analysis of gravity gradient inversion of the Moho depth—A case example for the Amazonian Craton. Geophysical Journal International, 221(3), 1896–1912.
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12. Kerimov, V. Yu., Yandarbiev, N. Sh., Mustaev, R. N., Alieva, S. A. (2021). Features of generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in the eastern part of the Skythian Plate. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 4–16.
13. Osipov, A. V., Kerimov, V. Yu., Vasilenko, E. I., onakova, A. S. (2019). Petroleum systems formation conditions in the deeply sediments in the south-east part of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 4–18.
14. Utemov, E., Nurgaliev, D. (2004). Natural Wavelet Transformations of Gravity Data: Theory and Applications. Izvestia Physics of the Solid Earth, 41(4), 88–96.
15. Matveeva, N., Utemov, E., Nurgaliev, D. (2015). «Native» wavelet transform for solution inverse problem of gravimetry on the spherical manifold. In: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM 2015.
16. Zingerle, P., Pail, R., Gruber, T., Oikonomidou, X. (2019). The experimental gravity field model XGM2019e. GFZ Data Services.
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18. Moreau, F., Gibert, D., Holschneider, M., Saracco, G. (1999). Identification of sources of potential fields with the continuous wavelet transform: Basic theory. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 104(B3), 5003–5013.
19. Matveeva, N. A., Utemov, E. V., Nurgaliev, D. K. (2017). Determination of deep sources of anomalies of the gravitational potential of the earth on the basis of a continuous «natural» wavelet transform. In: Questions of the theory and practice of geological interpretation of geophysical fields, materials of the 44th session of the International Seminar named after D.G. Uspensky.
20. Rabbel, W., Kaban, M., Tesauro, M. (2013). Contrasts of seismic velocity, density and strength across the Moho. Tectonophysics, 609, 437–455.

According to the oil and geological zoning, the water area of the Kara Sea, including the Ob and Taz Bays, is located on the border of three oil and gas-bearing regions: Yamal, Gydan and Nadym-Purskaya, having different characteristics of oil and gas potential by section and by area. As a result of geological exploration carried out in the water area and on the adjacent land, a wide age range of oil and gas potential was revealed. Seven fields have been discovered in the waters of the Yuzhno-Kara NGO: six gas condensate fields in Cretaceous Cenomanian-Albian deposits and one oil and gas condensate field in Cretaceous and Jurassic deposits. Large gas condensate fields have been explored in the Ob and Taz bays
in the Cenomanian-Alb-Apt complex. The water area of the lips is one of the most important areas in terms of the growth of economically viable natural gas resources. According to the research results, it has been established that the UV potential of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous complexes of the Ob and Taz Bays is characterized as highly promising.

Keywords: Kara Sea; shelf; cretaceous and jurassic deposits.

References

1. Dzyublo, A. D., Maslov, V. V., Evstafiev, I. L. (2019). Geological structure and prospects for the discovery of oil deposits in the Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments of the water area of the Ob and Taz bays of the Kara Sea. Oil Industry, 1, 11-15.
2. Kazanenkov, V. A., Ershov, S. V., Ryzhkova, S. V., et al. (2014). Geological structure and oil and gas content of regional reservoirs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous in the Kara-Yamal region and the forecast of the distribution of hydrocarbons in them. Geology of Oil and Gas, 1, 27-30.
3. Kiryukhina, T. A., Zonn, M. S., Dzyublo, A. D. (2004). Geological and geochemical prerequisites for the oil and gas content of the Lower-Middle Jurassic and pre-Jurassic deposits in the north of Western Siberia. Geology, Geophysics and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, 8, 22-30.
4. Melnikov, P. N., Skvortsov, M. B., Kravchenko, M. N., et al. (2019). Results of geological exploration work on the Arctic shelf of Russia in 2014–2019 and the prospects for work in the near future. Geology of Oil and Gas, 6, 5-18.
5. Mordasova, A. B., Stupakova, A. V., Suslova, A. A., et al. (2019). Oil and gas content of the Arctic seas. Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous clinoform complexes of the Barents-Kara shelf. Neftegaz.ru, 5, 26-33.
6. Nikitin, B. A., Vovk, V. S., Zakharov, E. V., et al. (1999). Preparation of the resource base on the Arctic shelf. Gas Industry, 7, 6-10.
7. Raikevich, A. I., Parasyna, V. S., Kholodilov, V. A., et al. (2008). Features of the geological structure and oil and gas potential of the water area of the Ob and Taz bays. Geology, Geophysics and Development, 5, 21-34.
8. Skorobogatov, V. A., Stroganov, V. A., Kopeev, V. D. (2003). Geological structure and oil and gas content of Yamal. Moscow: Nedra.
9. Stupakova, A. V. (2011). Structure and oil and gas content of the Barents-Kara shelf and adjacent territories. Geology of Oil and Gas, 6, 99-115.
10. Shuster, V. L., Dzyublo, A. D., Shnip, O. A. (2020). Hydrocarbon deposits in non-anticlinal traps of the Yamal Peninsula of Western Siberia. Georesources, 22(1), 39-45.

Currently, roller bits are widely used in rock drilling, which are devices with rotating rollers armed with teeth. There are various approaches in assessing the effectiveness of rock destruction by a roller drilling tool, which can be conditionally divided into structural and technological ones. In addition, all the efficiency factors of the roller bit are related to the correspondence of its characteristics and the drilling process to the properties of the rock it destroys. The article analyzes the operating conditions of the roller bit during drilling of rocks of various hardness. On the example of operation of a two-screw drill bit, the process of power interaction of the toothed weapon with rock is considered depending on various factors, such as the shape and pitch of the teeth, angle of inclination, sharpness of the tooth and others. It is shown that kinematic characteristics of interaction of toothed armament with drilled rock have a significant influence on efficiency of process of face destruction.

Keywords: drill bit; drilling tool; destruction; drilling; roller cutter; rock.

References

1. Bogomolov, R. M., Nosov, N. V. (2015). Drilling tools. Encyclopedia of inventions. Moscow: Innovative Engineering.
2. Serikov, D. Yu. (2018). Povyshenie effektivnosti sharoshechnogo burovogo instrumenta s kosozubym vooruzheniem. Dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni doktora tekhnicheskih nauk. Uhta: UGTU.
3. Egorov, N. G. (2006). Drilling wells in difficult geological conditions. Tula: IPP «Vulture and K».
4. Tskhadaya, N. D., Khegay, V. K. (2018). On the problem of stability of rotation of the drill string in the process of destruction of rock. Construction of Oil and Gas Wells on-Land and Off-Shore, 6, 5-10.
5. Bogomolov, R. M., Serikov, D. Yu. (2018). Improvement of the cutting structures of the rolling cutter drill bits. Equipment and Technologies for Oil And Gas Complex, 5, 24-28
6. Serikov, D. Yu., Ishchuk, A. G., Serikova, U. S. (2018). Novaya konstrukciya opory skol'zheniya sharoshechnogo burovogo dolota. Sfera neft' i gaz, 6, 32–34.
7. Kryukov, G. M. (2006). Physics of destruction of rocks during drilling and blasting. Moscow: Publishing house of the Moscow State Mining University, Gornaya Kniga.
8. Neskoromnykh, V. V. (2021). Destruction of rocks during geological exploration. Krasnoyarsk: SFU.
9. Mavlyutov, M. R. (1979). Destruction of rocks during well drilling. Moscow: Nedra.
10. Shigin, A. O. (2015). Metodologiya proektirovaniya adaptivnyh vrashchatel'no–podayushchih organov burovyh stankov i tekhnologij ih primeneniya v slozhnostrukturnyh porodnyh massivah. Dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni doktora tekhnicheskih nauk. Irkutskij nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij tekhnicheskij universitet.
11. Maniraki, A. A., Serikov, D. Yu., Ghaffanov, R. F., Serikova, U. S. (2019). The problems of selecting methods for industrial enterprises modernization. Equipment and Technologies for Oil And Gas Complex, 1, 28-33.
12. Borejko, D. A. (2015). Povyshenie effektivnosti ocenki tekhnicheskogo sostoyaniya neftegazopromyslovyh konstrukcij neteplovymi passivnymi metodami diagnostiki. Avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata tekhnicheskih nauk. Uhta: UGTU.
13. Krec, V. G., Saruev, L. A. (2011). Burovoe oborudovanie. Tomsk: TPU.

The results of laboratory studies of the elastic-strength properties of cement stone samples depending on the hardening time and the effect of an acid reagent, and approximated dependences of the change in the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and strength properties, depending on the time characteristics for two types of plugging materials are presented. A finite element scheme of the nearwellbore zone has been developed, taking into account the cement stone and the production casing. The results of numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of columns with a diameter of 146 and 178 mm, cement stone and reservoir rocks near the well based on an elastic model are presented. The analysis of the stress field for the occurrence of zones of destruction in the cement stone using the Coulomb-Mohr criterion is carried out. It is shown that, depending on the time of hardening and the effect of an acidic reagent, cement does not collapse and retains a sufficient safety factor.

Keywords: cement stone; plugging material; elastic-strength properties; near-wellbore zone; numerical model; finite element method; stress-strain state; safety factor.

References

1. Bulatov,A. I., Danyushevskiy, V. S. (1987). Well slurry materials. Moscow: 
2. Kunitskikh, A. A., Chernyshov, S. E., Rusinov, D. Yu. (2014). Influence of mineral additives on the strength characteristics of the cement stone. Oil Industry, 4, 20-23.
3. Chernyshov, S. E., Krapivina, T. N. (2010). Vliyanie rasshiryayushchih dobavok na svojstva cementnogo rastvora-kamnya. Vestnik PNIPU. Geologiya, geoinformacionnye sistemy, gorno-neftyanoe delo, 9(5), 31-33.
4. Korobov, I. Yu., Popov, S. N. (2019). Cement types which are used during well construction and variation of physical and mechanical cement properties under experiments. Oilfield Engineering, 7, 48-56.
5. Popov, S. N., Korobov, I. Yu. (2020). An experimental study of the variations in the physical-mechanical properties of cements, used in well construction, depending on the hardening time and influence of the clay acid reagent. Geology, Geophysics and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, 7, 55-61.
6. Popov, S. N., Korobov, I. Yu. (2019). Experiments related to changing of elastic and strength properties of cement stone for well construction during its hardening in acid-cut clay mud. Bureniyev I Neft, 9, 34-40.
7. Agzamov, F. A., Makhmutov, A. N., Tokunova, E. F. (2019). Study of corrosion stability of a cement stone in magnesia aggressive environment. Georesursy, 21(3), 73-78.
8. Popov, S. N. Kusaiko, A. S. (2021). Experimental study of the effect of filtration for low-mineralized water with high temperature on changes in elastic and strength properties of reservoir rock. Springer Geology, 2, 343-349.
9. Popov, S. N. (2015). Influence of mechanochemical effects on elastic and strength properties of reservoir rocks. Oil Industry, 8, 77-79.
10. Zhou, S., Li, G. (2014). Research on the corrosion mechanism of CO₂/H₂S mixture to cement stone. SOCAR Proceedings, 2014, 2, 12-20.
11. Kazimov, E. A., Aliyev, N. M. (2011). Research of chisel solutions interaction mechanism on rock mechanical characteristics. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 27-29.
12. Suleymanov, E. M., Qamidov, N. S. (2010). Problems of fastening of chinks. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 20-23.
13. Chuanliang, Y., Jingen, D., Baohua, Y., Jinxiang, L. (2013). Rock mechanical characteristic and wellbore stability in «Kingfisher» oilfield of Uganda. SOCAR Proceedings, 3, 25-31.
14. Zoback, М. (2007). Reservoir geomechanics. Cambridge University Press.

Evaluation of rock wettability is an important task, since this parameter determines the distribution of water and oil in the reservoirs and their relative and phase permeability. The reliability of evaluation the wettability of rock samples depends on the drilling-in conditions during core sampling and core sample preparation methods. The investigation of the surface properties of the core from the Orenburg oil and gas condensate field showed that using of polymer-colloidal drilling mud leads to hydrophilization of the samples' surface. To obtain information on the actual wettability values of rock samples taken from wells drilled with polymer-colloidal drilling mud a method for estimating the relative (predominant) wettability of rocks based on petrophysical and lithological studies data is proposed. The authors suggest that the extraction of oil and gas source rock samples leads to irreversible changes in surface properties that cannot be restored.

Keywords: selective wettability; relative wettability; predominant wettability; polymer-colloidal drilling mud; residual gas saturation; trapped gas saturation; pore space structure; extraction.

References

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3. Gudok, N. S., Bogdanovich, N. N., Martynov, V. G. (2007). Determination of the physical properties of oil-water bearing rocks. Moscow: Nedra-Business Center LLC.
4. Gurbatova, I. P., Melekhin, S. V., Chizhov, D. B., Fairuzova, Iu. V. (2016). Features of study complex carbonate reservoir rocks` wetting using laboratory methods. Perm Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, 15(20), 240-245.
5. Kuznetsov, A. M., Kuznetsov, V. V., Bogdanovich, N. N. (2011). On the question of preserving natural wettability of a core taken from wells. Oil Industry, 1, 21-23.
6. Latyshova, M. G., Martynov, V. G., Sokolova, T. F. (2007). Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po interpretacii dannyh GIS. Moskva: OOO «Nedra–Biznescentr».
7. Burkhanova, I. O. (2012). Razrabotka metodiki vyyavleniya i ocenki zapasov vysokomolekulyarnyh komponentov (VMK) zalezhej uglevodorodov po kompleksu geologo-geofizicheskih dannyh. Avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata geologo-mineralogicheskih nauk. Moskva: RGU nefti i gaza im. I.M. Gubkina.
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9. Dmitrievsky, A. N., Efimov, A. G., Gutman, I. S., et al. (2018). Matrix oil and residual gas reserves of orenburg oil-gas condensate field and prospects of their development. Actual Problems of Oil and Gas, 4(23), 22.
10. Skibitskaya, N. A., Burkhanova, I. O., Kuz'min, V. A., et al. (2016). Structure of hydrocarbon reserves of oil and gas source carbonate strata. Georesources, Geoenergetics, Geopolitics, 1(13).
11. Khisamov, R. S., Bazarevskaya, V. G., Skibitskaya, N. A., et al. (2020). Influence of the pore space structure and wettability on residual gas saturation. Georesursy, 22(2), 2-7.
12. Skibitskaya, N. A., Bolshakov, M. N., Kuzmin, V. A., Marutyan, O. O. (2018). The behaviours of direct-flow capillary imbibition processes in Orenburg oil-gas-condensate field productive carbonate deposits. Actual Problems of Oil and Gas, 3(22), 13.
13. Kuz'min, V. A. (1984). Metodika i osnovnye rezul'taty izucheniya porod – kollektorov slozhnogo stroeniya na rastrovom elektronnom mikroskope. Avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata geologo-mineralogicheskih nauk. Moskva: MINH i GP im. I.M. Gubkina.
14. Bolshakov, M. N., Skibitskaya, N. A., Kuzmin, V. A. (2007). Investigation of the pore space structure by a scanning electron microscope using the computer program collector. Journal of Surface Investigation: X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, 1(4), 493-496.
15. Bagrintseva, K. I. (1982). Fracturing of sedimentary rocks. Moscow: Nedra.
16. Khisamov, R., Skibitskaya, N., Kovalenko, K., et al. (2018, October). Well logging data interpretation in oil and gas source rock sections based on complex petrophysical and geochemical analysis results. SPE-191675-18RPTC-MC. In: SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.

The main purpose of cementing oil and gas wells is zonal isolation of the formations exposed by the wellbore. During the entire life of the well, there should be no uncontrolled hydraulic communication between the developed formations and the surface, regardless of the composition and type of fluid (water, oil or gas). During the operation of the well, in addition to constant static ones, the casing and cement stone also experience various dynamic loads. The article presents an up-to-date review of experimental studies on the modification of grouting compositions and cement composites capable of autonomous selfhealing due to the introduction of various additives and nanomaterials. Such modification technologies significantly increase the tightness and resistance of cement to the effects of dynamic loads, the integrity of the cement stone. As a replacement for traditional cement materials, the authors propose the creation of grouting compositions with controlled physical and mechanical properties and the possibility of their re-liquefaction under the influence of temperature on the basis of bitumen or bitumen composites.

Keywords: well plugging and abandoning; self-healing materials; autonomous self-healing; casing durability; impermeability of the cement stone; self-healing cement; bitumen and bitumen composites.

References

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14. Salehi, S., Ali, N., Khattak, M. J., Rizvi, H. (2016, September). Geopolymer composites as efficient and economical plugging materials in peanuts price oil market. SPE-181426-MS. In: SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
15. Yıldırım, G., Khiavi, A. H., Yeşilmen, S., Şahmaran, M. (2018). Self-healing performance of aged cementitious composites. Cement & Concrete Composites, 87, 172-186.
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The analysis of the nonproductive time when drilling wells is conducted in the paper. it is established that the most of it is associated with the accidents and complications, with the main share (60%)-seizures. The statistical analysis of the reasons for the occurrence of seizures and the effectiveness of methods for their elimination is presented. A drill string disconnector (RBC) developed at the Tyumen Industrial University is proposed for unscrewing drill pipes and freeing them from trapped pipes.

Keywords: well; drill pipes; accidents; seizure; drilling tool; drill string break.

References

1. (2018). «Tools for sidetracking» «BITTEKHNIKA» LLC. www.bittekhnika.ru
2. Serikov, D. J., Jasashin, V. A., Mikhajlov, J. V., et al. (2011). Disconnector. RU Patent 2428557.
3. Nagumanov, M. M., Aminev, M. Kh. (2011). Disconnecting device of string in well. RU Patent 2437999.

The paper presents a general overview of deep drilling in unstable formations at the Semyrenky gas condensate field of the Dnipro-Donetsk Trough, including well design, bottom hole assemblies (BHA), drilling conditions, and drilling muds. Problems encountered during drilling for production casing of Wells 72- and 75-Semyrenky using high-speed drilling methods are analyzed. The relationships between the rate of penetration and disturbed rock stability, volume excess and depth, as well as consistent empirical patterns in changes in mud properties and depth are established. With these technical and economic performance indicators for well drilling are given, elements of a borehole stability management strategy were defined, the principles of mud selection for drilling through problem zones are validated. The paper discusses the requirements to a mud hydraulics program to reduce the erosion of borehole walls, specific borehole preparation techniques, such as reaming and gauging, for drilling in problem zones, and alternative options to ensure borehole stability.

Keywords: borehole stability; statistical models; hole gauging; hole geometry; drilling mud; BHA.

References

1. Voytenko, V. S. (1990). Applied geomechanics in drilling. Moscow: Nedra.
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The article is about problem of drilling deepwater oil and gas wells that consists in complicating and increasing cost of their well design due to narrowing mud window at different depths. The authors analyse drilling technology developed and applied in practice of offshore drilling with a dual gradient drilling, which allows drilling significant intervals without overlapping an intermediate casing string. Based on analysis of these technologies and taking into account their disadvantages the authors proposed and tested a new drilling technology of dual gradient drilling with placement of all necessary innovative equipment on drilling platform.

Keywords: managed pressure drilling; deepwater drilling; offshore drilling; dual gradient drilling; riser; oil and gas exploration in sea.

References

1. Bogoyavlensky, V. I. (2012). Prospects and problems for development of oil and gas fields in Arctic shelf. Drilling
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2. Volkov, V. V, Shmal, G. I. (2019). Why does Bazhen skid? Drilling and Oil, 7-8, 3-8.
3. Mirzoev, D. A. (2021). Principal features of the continental shelf oil and gas resources development. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 78-82.
4. Petrenko, V. E., Mirzoyev, D. A., Chernikov, B. V., et al. (2019). The concept of creating information support for continental shelf oil and gas fields development projects. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 73-80.
5. Chernukhiv, V. I. (2005). Development of technology for drilling wells with managed pressure drilling. PhD dissertation. Stavropol.
6. Krivolapov, D., Magda, A., Soroka, T. (2020, October). Managed pressure drilling as an advanced solution for deep hthp wells and long intervals with narrow safe pressure limits. SPE-202510-MS, 2020. In: SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference, Virtual. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
7. Smith, J. R. (2004). Dual density drilling fluid systems to enhance deepwater drilling. Presentation at Louisiana State University.
8. Ganiev, R. I., Luc DeBoer, Agliullin, A. K., Ismakov, R. A. (2019). Dual gradient drilling as a way to reduce costs of construction of deepwater wells. Association of Drilling Contractors Journal, 4(55), 2-7.
9. Ganiev, R. I., Luc de Boer. (2020). Dual gradient drilling in deep water wells. ROGTEC Russian Oil and Gas Technologies, 61, 24-37.
10. Peterman, C. P. (1998). Riserless and mudlift drilling – the next steps in deepwater drilling. In: Offshore Technology Conference, Houston.
11. Forrest, N., Bailey, T., Hannegan, D. (2001, February-March). Sub sea equipment for deep water drilling using dual gradient mud system. SPE-67707-MS. In: SPE/IADC Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
12. (2013). IADC «DGD System Attributes» presentation in meeting of IADC Dual Gradient Drilling Workshop, Houston.
13. de Boer, L. (2003). Method and apparatus for varying the density in drilling fluids in deep water oil drilling applications. US Patent 6536540.
14. de Boer, L. (2003). DGS dual gradient drilling system. Presentation in meeting of the Drilling Engineering Association, Houston.
15. de Boer, L. (2010). Drill string flow control valve and methods of use. US Patent 8534369.
16. Ganiev, R. I., Luc DeBoer, Agliullin, A. K., Ismakov, R. A. (2021). Dual gradient drilling: U-tube effect in upper intervals of deep water wells. ROGTEC Russian Oil and Gas Technologies, 65, 58-68.

The paper presents the results of experimental study of the tribotechnical properties of lubricants on a unit that simulates the geometric, kinematic and force similarity of well drilling conditions. Bearings with different radial clearances and the same chemical-thermal treatment were investigated. Data registration was carried out on cathode, loop oscilloscopes and electronic recorders. The load on the bearing, the moment of rolling resistance on the journal, and the angular speed of rotation of the outer race were recorded. The temperature was registered using artificial and semiartificial thermocouples. A strobotachometer was used to determine the portable speed of the rolling bodies. The external appearance of all rolling elements was investigated, metallographic analysis of thin surface layers of all rolling elements was carried out, mathematical processing of test results was carried out. It is shown that for the express assessment of the tribotechnical properties of lubricants, the amplitude value of the oscillation of the rolling resistance moment can be used.

Keywords: friction; lubrication; tribotechnical Properties; drilling.

References

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5. Erdemir, A., Martin, J. M. (2007). Superlubricity. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
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7. Rudnick, L. R. (2017). Lubricant additives: chemistry and applications. CRC Press.
8. Ilyasov, A. M., Moiseev, K. V., Urmancheev, S. F. (2005). Numerical simulation of thermoconvection in a liquid for the case when viscosity is a quadratic function of temperature. Journal of Applied and Industrial Mathematics, 8(4), 51–59.
9. Moiseev, K. V., Volkova, E. V., Urmancheev, S. F. (2013). Effect of convection on polymerase chain reaction in a closed cell. Procedia IUTAM, 8, 172-175.
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11. Kuleshov, V. S., Moiseev, K. V., Urmancheev, S. F. (2019). Isolated convection modes for the anomalous thermoviscous liquid in a plane cell. Fluid Dynamics, 54, 983–990.
12. Moiseev, K. V., Kuleshov, V. S., Bakhtizin, R. N. (2020). Free convective of a linear heterogeneous liquid in a square cavity at side heating. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 108-116.
13. Popenov, A. I. (1973). Investigation of factors determining the wear resistance of roller bits. PhD Thesis. UNI.
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This paper considers the possibility of the underground gas storage facilities creating in a hydrate state on the north-western slope of the Yakut arch of the Vilyui syneclise. For this, the boundaries of the hydrate stability zone were determined for 6 promising areas of the considered geological structure. Equilibrium conditions of the natural gas hydrates formation in the model porous media containing bicarbonate-sodium type water (mineralization 20 g/l), characteristic for the subpermafrost horizons of the Yakut arch, have been studied by the method of differential thermal analysis. On the basis of the obtained results, the boundaries of the natural gas hydrates stability zone were determined. It was shown that the upper boundaries of the hydrate stability zone are located in the thickness of permafrost rocks. It was found that the lower boundaries of the natural gas hydrates stability zone in moist unsalted porous medium lie in the range from 930 to 1120 m. When the samples are saturated with mineralized water, the boundaries are located 80-360 m higher. The obtained experimental results allow us to conclude that in subpermafrost aquifers of the Yakut arch has favorable conditions for the formation of natural gas hydrates.

Keywords: natural gas hydrates; aquifers; underground gas storage; hydrate stability zone; geothermal gradient; equilibrium conditions of the hydrate formation; bicarbonate-sodium type water.

References

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Filtration experiments are widely used in the oil and gas industry. They are used to determine the key physical and chemical characteristics of the porous medium, the parameters of fluid filtration. Also, filtration experiments are the main method for evaluating the residual resistance factor for compositions that are used in water shut-off technologies. However, filtration studies are not sufficient to study the distribution of the filtrate over the volume of the porous medium. This paper describes a method for using strength characteristics studies to evaluate the distribution of the polymer-gel system "Temposcreen-Plus" in the pore volume of the core after filtration. A method for representing core strength data in the form of a visualized image of the hardness distribution on a color scale is also proposed.

Keywords: strength characteristics; hardness; core; "Temposcreen-Plus"; filtration experiments; visualization.

References

1. Gimatudinov, S. K. (1971). Physics of oil and gas reservoirs. Moscow: Nedra.
2. Kaushanskiy, D. A., Demyanovskiy, V. B., Bakirov, N. R., et al. (2019). Field trial results of water shut-off in oil producing wells using the Temposcreen-Plus technology in Rn-Purneftegas LLC. Oil Industry, 6, 78-82.
3. Kaushansky, D. A., Demyanovsky, V. B. (2018). Innovative water suppression technology for production wells «Temposcreen-Plus». Actual Problems of Oil and Gas, 1(20), 22.
4. (2016). GOST 24621-2015 (ISO 868:2003). Plastics and ebonite. Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness). Moscow: Standartinform.

The Karachaganak field is represented by gas condensate and oil zones, a convenient object for studying changes in microstructural wettability during the transition from one zone to another. Microstructural wettability was characterized by a hydrophobization coefficient, Ѳн, which determines the proportion of the pore surface area occupied by adsorbed hydrocarbons. It was found that Ѳн of the samples of the gas and gas condensate zones is the same (on average 0.140), the oil zone - on average 0.250. Analysis of the IR spectra of extracted hydrocarbons showed that the microstructural wettability of the oil zone contains more aromatic, aliphatic, oxidized and sulfur-containing structures and fewer branched structures than in the gas condensate zone. The microstructural wettability of carbonate reservoirs depends on the hydrocarbon composition of the adsorbed oil.

Keywords: microstructural wettability; hydrophobic coefficient; hydrocarbons; spectral coefficients.

References

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The storage of methane-hydrogen mixtures (MHM) in existing underground gas storage facilities (UGS) is a prerequisite for the development of a "carbonneutral" strategy of the Russian Federation. The use of technologies for storage and delivery of MHM in industrial volumes should be ensured by experimental research, the creation of a regulatory framework and the introduction of modern methods for maintaining the operational reliability of the existing Unified Gas Transportation System (UGSS). The need for scientific and project work is determined by the peculiarities of the storage of MHM and the assessment of the likelihood of negative technogenic and mechanical consequences during the operation of the equipment. The materials provide the main risk models of the processes that arise in the case of hybrid storage of MHM. The use of cluster technology for storage and transportation of MHM is proposed, and the need to ensure constant monitoring of the component composition of gas as part of the implementation of an integrated automated flow technology is shown.

Keywords: methane-hydrogen mixtures; hydrogen energy; underground gas storage; hardware control; risks.

References

1. Abukova, L. A., Filippova, D. S., Safarova, E. A., et al. (2021). Hydrogeochemical and microbiological features of ugs in the aspect of hybrid storage of natural gases. In: EAGE Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202150116
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9. Hagemann, B., Rasoulzadeh, M., Panfilov, M., et al. (2015). Mathematical modeling of unstable transport in underground hydrogen storage. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 6891-6898.
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11. Luboń, K., Tarkowski, R. (2020). Numerical simulation of hydrogen injection and withdrawal to and from a deep aquifer in NW Poland. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 2068–2083.
12. Lurie, М. V. (2021). Transportation of hydrogen through natural gas pipelines using the batch method. Oil and Gas Territory, 3-4, 86-92.
13. Nemati, B., Mapar, M., Davarazar, P., et al. (2020). A sustainable approach for site selection of underground hydrogen storage facilities using fuzzy-delphi methodology. Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning, 6, 5–16.
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17. Tarkowski, R. (2017). Perspectives of using the geological subsurface for hydrogen storage in Poland. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42, 347–355.
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In the practice of oil production, there are oil deposits with high values of gas content (gas factor), from tens to hundreds of cubic meters of gas per one ton of oil produced. Gas dissolved in oil and coming from the reservoir into the well along with the liquid phase (oil, water), under certain thermodynamic conditions, is capable of forming hydrates, which complicate the operation of downhole pumping equipment, reduce the efficiency of pumps and well flow rate. The formation of gas hydrate plugs in the well requires the total overhaul, which leads to an increase in non-productive time, financial costs and an increase in lost profits on lost oil. Considered in the article technologies and devices that prevent the formation of gas hydrates in marginal wells with a high gas content in oil have shown their unreliability and low efficiency. The authors propose for the consideration a new effective technology for the operation of such wells, which makes it possible to avoid the formation of hydrates.

Keywords: well; gas content; hydrates; production; oil; valve; coupling; pump.

References

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Electrophoresis can be considered as a fundamentally new method of lifting oil without the use of producing wells and mechanical devices, with the help of which it is supposed to organize oil extraction from explored fields with a reduction in its cost by 70-80%. The source of electricity for the implementation of the proposed method of oil recovery based on electrophoresis can be a method of autonomous generation of electricity based on atmospheric electricity. This method is based on the operation of a natural generator consisting of the Earth, the atmosphere, the ionosphere and the Earth›s magnetic field.The proposed energy source is simple in design, convenient to use. As a result, the resulting energy is very cheap and environmentally friendly. The use of such an installation can be carried out in any area of the Earth.

Keywords: oil production; electrophoresis; electric field; atmospheric electricity; carbon; the cost of lifting oil.

References

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In-situ combustion (ISC) is a proved, effective method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In our previous work, we studied the feasibility of ISC process for heavy oil recovery in Nurlat Oil Field (Tatneft oil company, Russia) regarding to oil recovery, in-situ oil upgrading, stability of combustion front, etc. In this work, we investigated the effect of ISC process on the rock properties and composition. We found that magnetic minerals can be in-situ formed in rock during combustion process of oils. The formation of magnetic minerals in rock depends on temperature, heating time, and oil environment. Based on the magnetic properties, the samples can be divided into the most heated, less heated, and nonheated ones with hydrocarbons. The changes in the magnetic properties of rock can be used for developing technologies for combustion front monitoring, which is very valuable for controlling ISC process and its adjustment.

Keywords: magnetic properties; thermomagnetic analysis; enhanced oil recovery; in-situ combustion; rock.

References

1. Sarathi, P. S. (1999). In-situ combustion handbook - principles and practices. Bartleville, Oklahoma: BDM petroleum Tchnologies.
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Globally, for the development of bitumen oils thermal steam treatment is considered, since this technology is considered the most effective, but it has a number of problems with the presence of clay minerals in the rock. When clay minerals come into contact with steam they swell, leading to a decrease in the permeability of the reservoir, and therefore a decrease in the final oil recovery. This work assesses the influence of clay mineralization content on the degree of oil displacement under thermal steam treatment by conducing filtration experiments. Steam injection experiments containing low oil saturations of less than 2% resulted in no oil displacement. A solvent based on aliphatic and polar fragments was tested to extract oil in such low-oil saturated systems.

Keywords: steam injection; bitumen oil; clay minerals; solvent; oil displacement.

References

1. Ahmad, K. M., Kristály, F., Turzo, Z. (2018). Effects of clay mineral and physico-chemical variables on sandstone rock permeability. Journal of Oil, Gas & Petrochemical Sciences, 1(1), 18-26.
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5. Gunter, W. D., Zhou, Z., Perkins, R. H. (1994). Modelling formation damage caused by kaolinite from 25 to 300 °C in the oil sand reservoirs of Alberta. SPE Advanced Technology Series, 2(2), 206-213.
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9. Minkhanov, I. F., Bolotov, A. V., Al-Muntaser, A. A., et al. (2021). Experimental study on the improving the efficiency of oil displacement by co-using of the steam-solvent catalyst. Oil Industry, 6, 54-57.
10. Varfolomeev, M. A., Yuan, Ch., Bolotov, A. V., et al. (2021). Effect of copper stearate as catalysts on the performance of in-situ combustion process for heavy oil recovery and upgrading. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 207, 109125.
11. Minkhanov, I. F., Marvanov, M. M., Bolotov, A. V., et al. (2020). Improvement of heavy oil displacement efficiency by using aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM 20, 1(2), 711-718.

The article examines the aquathermolysis process of high viscosity oil from Strelovskoe field developed by RITEK LLC using steam injection. Laboratory modeling of non-catalytic and catalytic aquathermolysis in a high-pressure reactor was performed. Laboratory tests have demonstrated the high efficiency of the iron-based oil-soluble catalyst developed at Kazan Federal University in the destruction reactions of resinous asphaltenes. Samples of the initial oil as well as products of non-catalytic and catalytic aquathermolysis in the presence of iron tallate and the solvent Asphalt-Resin-Paraffin Deposits were studied at temperatures of 200, 250 and 300°C for 24 hours. In addition, the gas composition of the oil aquathermolysis products and the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the oil samples were determined. The studies have shown that catalytic aquathermolysis has a significant effect on the changes in the composition and properties of oil from the Strelovskoe field. It was found that the presence of a catalyst contributes to decarboxylation reactions, increases the degree of desulfurization and decreases the viscosity of oil samples.

Keywords: high-viscosity oil; aquathermolysis; catalyst precursor; steam thermal treatment; viscosity.

References

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12. Shamilov, V. M. (2020). Potential applications of carbon nanomaterials in oil recovery. SOCAR Proceedings, 3, 90–107.
13. Sitnov, S. A., Mukhamatdinov, I. I., Vakhin, A. V., et al. (2018). Composition of aquathermolysis catalysts forming in situ from oil-soluble catalyst precursor mixtures. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 169, 44-50.
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15. Mukhamatdinov, I. I., Giniyatullina, E. E., Mukhamatdinova, R. E., et al. (2021) Effect of an aquathermolysis catalyst on the in-situ transformation of high-viscosity oil from the Strelovskoe field in the Samara region. Oil and Gas New Features, 3, 38-42.

In this study we present the results of physical stimulation of in-situ aquathermolysis process carried out on heavy crude oil sample from Yarega (Russia) oil field in the presence of nickel/iron tallates and clay minerals. The experimental results revealed that clay minerals as the co-catalyst show the best performance at 300 °C in case of nickel tallates, where the viscosity of aquathermolysis products reduces by 4 times in contrast to the initial crude oil. Moreover, the content of saturated fraction isolated from the catalytic aquathermolysis products increased from 36.8 to 50.2 in contrast to the saturated fraction of initial crude oil, while the amount of resins decreased by two times after hydrothermal treatment in the presence of nickel catalyst and clay minerals. Thus, the obtained results justify the involvement of clay minerals to the aquathermolysis process and demonstrate catalytic performance in terms of enhancing group composition and viscosity reduction.

Keywords: heavy oil; upgrading; catalysts; aquathermolysis; clay minerals; transition metals; SARA; rheology.

References

1. Sitnov, S., Mukhamatdinov, I., Aliev, F., et al. (2020). Heavy oil aquathermolysis in the presence of rock-forming minerals and iron oxide (II, III) nanoparticles. Petroleum Science and Technology, 38(6), 574-579.
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3. Aliev, F. A., Mukhamatdinov, I. I., Sitnov, S. A., et al. (2021). In-situ heavy oil aquathermolysis in the presence of nanodispersed catalysts based on transition metals. Processes, 9, 127.
4. Minkhanov, I. F., Bolotov, A. V., Al-Muntaser, A. A., et al. (2021). Experimental study on the improving the efficiency of oil displacement by co-using of the steam-solvent catalyst. Oil Industry, 6, 54-57.
5. Mukhamatdinov, I. I., Sitnov, S. A., Slavkina, O. V., et al. (2019). The aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Riphean-Vendian complex with iron-based catalyst: FT-IR spectroscopy data. Petroleum Science and Technology, 37(12), 1410-1416.
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11. Chen, Q. Y., Liu, Y. J., Zhao, J. (2011). Intensified viscosity reduction of heavy oil by using reservoir minerals and chemical agents in aquathermolysis. Advanced Materials Research, 236-238, 839–843.
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The technique of processing gravimetric data is offered in this study. Offered technique based on wavelet transform with so-called «native» wavelet basis functions. Distinctive feature of the technique is a close relationship with both direct and inverse problems of gravimetry. It was shown that the peculiarity allows to quite simply and quickly location of causative sources even under of strong interference of gravity fields.

Keywords: gravimetry; wavelet transform; anomaly; inverse problem.

References

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The purpose of the work is to substantiate and formulate the principles of data generation with multiple results of hydraulic fracturing (HF) modeling. Qualitative data for assessment, intercomparison and subsequent statistical analysis are characterized by a single numerical value for each considered hydraulic fracturing parameter. For a number of hydraulic fracturing technologies, uncertainty may arise due to obtaining several values for the parameter under consideration. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the substantiation of a new approach for evaluating the obtained data series during hydraulic fracturing modeling. A number of data can be obtained both during the formation and modeling of several hydraulic fractures, and for one fracture when calculating in different modules of the simulator. As a result, an integration technique was developed that allows forming a uniform data array regardless of the number of elements in the hydraulic fracturing modeling results.

Keywords: hydraulic fracturing; acid-proppant hydraulic fracturing; hydraulic fracturing of layered rocks; hydraulic fracturing modeling; pseudo-three-dimensional fracture model; data preparation; statistical analysis.

References

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30. Yakupov, R. F., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Tyncherov, K. T. (2018). Filtration model of oil coning in a bottom water-drive reservoir. Periodico Tche Quimica, 15(30), 725-733.
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32. Mukhametshin, V. V., Andreev, V. E., Dubinsky, G. S., et al. (2016). The usage of principles of system geological-technological forecasting in the justification of the recovery methods. SOCAR Proceedings, 3, 46–51.
33. Alvarado, V., Reich, E.-M., Yunfeng, Yi, Potsch, K. (2006, June). Integration of a risk management tool and an analytical simulator for assisted decision-making in IOR. SPE-100217-MS. In: SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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38. Mukhametshin, V. V., Andreev, V.E. (2018). Increasing the efficiency of assessing the performance of techniques aimed at expanding the use of resource potential of oilfields with hardtorecover reserves. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 329(8), 30–36.

The energetic capabilities of a high-speed jet of an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with varying concentration and different outflow pressures from a jetforming nozzle were investigated using the length of the forming channel in the model of the casing of an oil and gas well, cement sheath and rock layer, as well as impact of the jet force on a metal plate fixed on a physical pendulum. The experimental data made it possible to obtain a calculated dependence in a dimensionless form to determine the quality (initial sections) of jets of aqueous solutions with different concentrations and molecular weights of PEO, considering the real parameters of the jet-forming nozzles of the hydroperforator. A comprehensive study of the perforation process made it possible to substantiate the mechanism of the high destructive capacity of a high-speed jet of polymer solution. It has been established that the mechanism of the high destructive capacity of the polymer water jet is not due to the Toms effect, but caused by the destructive action of the dynamic pressure of the polymer water jet «reinforced» by strongly unfolded macromolecular chains under the action of a tensile flow in the inlet area of the jet forming nozzle of the hydroperforator.

Keywords: perforator; jet nozzle; jet quality; casing; cement sheath; rock; Toms effect.

References

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The modern world is a complex mechanism in which each process, direction, sphere of activity, despite visual differences, ultimately creates a single complex element aimed at ensuring human life. One of the key processes occurring on the planet is the extraction of hydrocarbons. The article proposes to consider a solution that will contribute to ensuring the efficiency of oil and gas production processes, will extend the life cycle of mature oil and gas production assets of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the RF) and extend their economic profitability. Economic and technological efficiency from infrastructure reengineering measures is individual for each region, and directly depends on the volume of oil, water production and the state of the ground infrastructure. The described areas of infrastructure reengineering, in aggregate, represent an effective tool for optimizing operating and capital costs, increasing the reliability of technological equipment, removing infrastructure restrictions, which will contribute to the achievement of the set task - maintaining oil production at mature assets.

Keywords: facilities for oil treatment; gas compression; reservoir pressure maintenance; power supply; engineering networks; operating costs; reengineering.

References

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The article deals with the issue of water cut predicting when downhole pumping equipment optimizing. In practice, an expert assessment of this parameter is used as a rule, which does not take into account the degree of planned optimization relative to the current mode. The paper proposes a methodology allowing taking into account the dynamics of planned fluid withdrawals in predicting water cut based on displacement characteristics. To solve the described problem, four characteristics were selected with a certain type of statistical dependence, where, in one part of the equation, fluid withdrawals do not depend on oil withdrawals. This allows, by setting different values of fluid production, to predict oil production and water cut at any time period. On the example of deposits of one of the regions of the Ural-Volga region, the most suitable for certain geological conditions displacement characteristics were determined. Look back analysis shows a high degree of convergence between the calculated and actual water cut indicators – the average absolute deviation is 1.9%, which allows forecasting with sufficient accuracy.

Keywords: oil fields development; production stimulation; displacement characteristics; water cut.

References

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8. Suleimanov, B. A., Veliyev, E. F. (2016). The effect of particle size distribution and the nano-sized additives on the quality of annulus isolation in well cementing. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 4-10.
9. Veliyev, E. F. (2021). Application of amphiphilic block-polymer system for emulsion flooding.
   SOCAR Proceedings, 3, 78-86.
10. Mardashov, D. V., Rogachev, M. K., Zeigman, Yu. V., Mukhametshin, V.V. (2021). Well killing technology before workover operation in complicated conditions. Energies, 14(3), 654, 1-15.
11. Yakupov, R. F., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Tyncherov, K. T. (2018). Filtration model of oil coning in a bottom water-drive reservoir. Periodico Tche Quimica, 15(30), 725-733.
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17. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Review of modern in-situ fluid diversion technologies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 50-66.
18. Akhmetov, R. T., Malyarenko, A. M., Kuleshova, L. S., et al. (2021). Quantitative assessment of hydraulic tortuosity of oil and gas reservoirs in western siberia based on capillarimetric studies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 77-84.
19. Khakimzyanov, I. N., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Bakhtizin, R. N., Sheshdirov, R. I. (2021). Determination of well spacing volumetric factor for assessment of final oil recovery in reservoirs developed by horizontal wells. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 47-53.
20. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Mechanisms of polymer retention in porous media. SOCAR Procеedings, 3, 126-134.
21. Azizov, Kh. F., Lopukhov, A.N. (2010). Statistical analysis of technological efficiency of geological and engineering operations in Samotlor oilfield. Oil Industry, 6, 74-77.
22. Mukhametshin, V. V., Kuleshova, L. S. (2020). On uncertainty level reduction in managing waterflooding of the deposits with hard to extract reserves. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 331(5), 140–146.
23. Rabaev, R. U., Chibisov, A. V., Kotenev, A. Yu., et al. (2021). Mathematical modelling of carbonate reservoir dissolution and prediction of the controlled hydrochloric acid treatment efficiency. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 40-46.
24. Lysenko, V. D. (2009). Development of oil fields. Effective methods. Moscow: Nedra-Business Center.
25. Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Zeigman, Yu. V., Andreev, A. V. (2017). Rapid assessment of deposit production capacity for determination of nanotechnologies application efficiency and necessity to stimulate their development. Nanotechnologies in Construction, 9(3), 20–34.
26. Mukhametshin, V. V., Kuleshova, L. S. (2019). Justification of low-productive oil deposits flooding systems in the conditions of limited information amount. SOCAR Procеedings, 2, 16–22.
27. Vogel, J. V. (1968). Inflow performance relationships for solution-gas drive wells. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 20(1), 83-92.
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31. Saveliev, V. A., Tokarev, M. A., Chinarov, A. S. (2008). Geological and field methods of oil recovery forecast. Izhevsk: Udmurt University.
32. Khayredinov, N. Sh., Popov, A. M., Mukhametshin, V. Sh. (1992). Increasing the flooding efficiency of poor-producing oil deposits in carbonate collectors. Oil industry, 9, 18–20.
33. Abbasov, A. A., Abbasov, E. M., Ismayilov, Sh. Z., Suleymanov, A.A. (2021). Waterflooding efficiency estimation using capacitance-resistance model with non-linear productivity index. SOCAR Procеedings, 3, 45-53.
34. Mukhametshin, V. V. (2018). Efficiency estimation of nanotechnologies applied in constructed wells to accelerate field development. Nanotechnologies in Construction, 10 (1), 113–131.
35. Khakimzyanov, I. N., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Bakhtizin, R. N., et al. (2021). Justification of necessity to consider well interference in the process of well pattern widening in the bavlinskoye oil field pashiyan formation. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 77-87.
36. Muslimov, R. Kh. (2016). A new strategy for the development of oil fields in modern Russia is to optimize production and maximize KIN. Oil. Gas. Novation’s, 4, 8-17.
37. Yartiev, A. F., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Petrov, V. N., Idiyatullina, Z.S. (2016). Improving technologies for the development of oil reserves from heterogeneous and complex reservoirs of the Republic of Tatarstan: monograph. Kazan: Ikhlas.
38. Mukhametshin, V. V. (2020). Oil production facilities management improving using the analogy method. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 42-50.

Based on the analysis of the efficiency of CVI.1 and CVI.2 oil reservoirs development, which partially coincide in structural terms, and the terrigenous strata of the Lower Carboniferous of one of Volga-Ural oil and gas province oil fields, an algorithm for assessing the efficiency of waterflooding was proposed, which takes into account the geological structure of the facility, the results of core and geophysical well surveys, as well as the historical performance of wells. The presented algorithm makes it possible to identify ineffective injection directions for making decisions on waterflooding system optimizing. The effect is the identified potential to cut costs by reducing inefficient injection, as well as identifying areas for the introduction of enhanced oil recovery techniques.

Keywords: field development; reservoir pressure maintenance system; waterflooding efficiency; cost reduction.

References

1. Muslimov, R. Kh. (2009). Features of exploration and development of oil fields in a market economy. Kazan: FEN.
2. Mukhametshin, V. V., Kuleshova, L. S. (2019). Justification of low-productive oil deposits flooding systems in the conditions of limited information amount. SOCAR Procеedings, 2, 16–22.
3. Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Bakhtizin, R. N., Kuleshova, L. S. (2021). Differentiation and grouping of complex-structured oil reservoirs in carbonate reservoirs in development management problems solving. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 88-97.
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8. Gasumov, E. R., Gasumov, R. A. (2020). Innovative risk management for geological and technical (technological) measures at oil and gas fields. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 8-16.
9. Mukhametshin, V. V. (2020). Oil production facilities management improving using the analogy method. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 42-50.
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16. Veliyev, E. F. (2021). Polymer dispersed system for in-situ fluid diversion. Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, 1(78), 61–72.
17. Khuzin, R. R., Bakhtizin, R. N., Andreev, V. E., et al. (2021). Oil recovery enhancement by reservoir hydraulic compression technique employment. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 98-108.
18. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Review of modern in-situ fluid diversion technologies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 50-66.
19. Khayredinov, N. Sh., Popov, A. M., Mukhametshin, V. Sh. (1992). Increasing the flooding efficiency of poor-producing oil deposits in carbonate collectors. Oil industry, 9, 18–20.
20. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Mechanisms of polymer retention in porous media. SOCAR Procеedings, 3, 126-134.
21. Kuleshova, L. S., Fattakhov, I. G., Sultanov, Sh. Kh., et al. (2021). Experience in Conducting Multi-Zone Hydraulic Fracturing on the Oilfield of PJSC «Tatneft». SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 68-76.
22. Economides, J. M., Nolte, K. I. (2000). Reservoir stimulation. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons.
23. Yakupov, R. F., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Mukhametshin, V. V., Kuleshova, L. S. (2021). Hydrodynamic model application to create a reverse oil cone in water-oil zones. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 54-61.
24. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismailov, F. S., Veliyev, E. F., Dyshin, O. A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.
25. Akhmetov, R. T., Malyarenko, A. M., Kuleshova, L. S., et al. (2021). Quantitative assessment of hydraulic tortuosity of oil and gas reservoirs in western siberia based on capillarimetric studies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 77-84.
26. Alvarado, V., Reich, E.-M., Yunfeng, Yi, Potsch, K. (2006, June). Integration of a risk management tool and an analytical simulator for assisted decision-making in IOR. SPE-100217-MS. In: SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
27. Khakimzyanov, I. N., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Bakhtizin, R. N., Sheshdirov, R.I. (2021). Determination of well spacing volumetric factor for assessment of final oil recovery in reservoirs developed by horizontal wells. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 47-53.
28. Shen, R., Lei, X., Guo, H. K., et al. (2017). The influence of pore structure on water flow in rocks from the Beibu Gulf oil field in China. SOCAR Proceedings, 3, 32-38.
29. Mardashov, D. V., Rogachev, M. K., Zeigman, Yu. V., Mukhametshin, V. V. (2021). Well Killing Technology before Workover Operation in Complicated Conditions. Energies, 14(3), 654, 1-15.
30. Sun, S. Q., Wan, J. C. (2002). Geological analogs usage rates high in global survey. Oil & Gas Journal, 100(46), 49-50.
31. Abidov, D. G., Kamartdinov, M. R. (2013). The material balance method as the primary tool for evaluating the development indicators of a field site during flooding. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 322, 1, 91-96.
32. Ankudinov, A. A., Vaganov, L. A. (2013). The method of distribution of injected water over the entire area of an oil deposit with the determination of influencing factors. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 165-168.
33. Martemyanov, Yu. F., Lazareva, T. Ya. (2010). Expert methods of decision-making. Tambov: Tambov State Technical University.
34. Rabaev, R. U., Chibisov, A. V., Kotenev, A. Yu., et al. (2021). Mathematical modelling of carbonate reservoir dissolution and prediction of the controlled hydrochloric acid treatment efficiency. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 40-46.
35. Viktorov, P. F., Gainullin, K. Kh., Efremov, F. M., et al. (1996). Justification of the criteria for shutting off injection wells. Geology of Oil and Gas, 7, 36-38.
36. Sergeev, V. V., Sharapov, R. R., Kudymov, A. Y., et al. (2020). Experimental research of the colloidal systems with nanoparticles influence on filtration characteristics of hydraulic fractures. Nanotechnologies in Construction, 12(2), 100–107.

The article is devoted to the diagnostics of the well pumping equipment operation using wells production viscosity measurement results obtained by the developed field device VNP 1-4, 0-90. The method for making measurements with a field oil viscometer was developed in accordance with the provisions of GOST R 8.563, GOST R ISO 5725-2. It has gained certification and entered the State Register of the Russian Federation. On the basis of preliminary laboratory studies of oils viscosity from the group of fields of LLC UK «Sheshmaoil», a formula was obtained for the dependence of oil emulsions viscosity on temperature and the content of formation water in them. Viscosity measurements obtained with the developed device in field conditions have shown the applicability of the method for calculating the watered oil viscosity.The application of the results of measuring the watered oil viscosity at the wellhead allows diagnosing the downhole sucker rod pump unit operation based on the construction of a dynamic model of its operation.

Keywords: equipment diagnostics; water cut; temperature; fluid viscosity; dynamic model; sucker rod pump.

References

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4. Yakupov, R. F., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Tyncherov, K. T. (2018). Filtration model of oil coning in a bottom water-drive reservoir. Periodico Tche Quimica, 15(30), 725-733.
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8. Yakupov, R. F., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Trofimov, V.E. (2019). Optimization of reserve production from water oil zones of D3ps horizon of Shkapovsky oil field by means of horizontal wells. Georesursy, 21(3), 55-61.
9. Muslimov, R. Kh. (2016). A new strategy for the development of oil fields in modern Russia is to optimize production and maximize KIN. Oil. Gas. Novation’s, 4, 8-17.
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11. Kuleshova, L. S., Fattakhov, I. G., Sultanov, Sh. Kh., et al. (2021). Experience in conducting multi-zone hydraulic fracturing on the oilfield of PJSC «Tatneft». SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 68-76.
12. Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Bakhtizin, R. N., Kuleshova, L. S. (2021). Differentiation and grouping of complex-structured oil reservoirs in carbonate reservoirs in development management problems solving. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 88-97.
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24. Veliyev, E. F. (2021). Polymer dispersed system for in-situ fluid diversion. Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, 1(78), 61–72.
25. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Mechanisms of polymer retention in porous media. SOCAR Procеedings, 3, 126-134.
26. Mukhametshin, V. V. (2020). Oil production facilities management improving using the analogy method. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 42-50.
27. Khayredinov, N. Sh., Popov, A. M., Mukhametshin, V. Sh. (1992). Increasing the flooding efficiency of poor-producing oil deposits in carbonate collectors. Oil industry, 9, 18–20.
28. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Review of modern in-situ fluid diversion technologies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 50-66.
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31. Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Zeigman, Yu. V., Andreev, A. V. (2017). Rapid assessment of deposit production capacity for determination of nanotechnologies application efficiency and necessity to stimulate their development. Nanotechnologies in Construction, 9(3), 20–34.
32. Khuzin, R. R., Bakhtizin, R. N., Andreev, V. E., et al. (2021). Oil recovery enhancement by reservoir hydraulic compression technique employment. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 98-108.
33. Gasumov, E. R., Gasumov, R. A. (2020). Innovative risk management for geological and technical (technological) measures at oil and gas fields. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 8-16.
34. Yakupov, R. F., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Mukhametshin, V. V., Kuleshova, L. S. (2021). Hydrodynamic model application to create a reverse oil cone in water-oil zones. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 54-61.
35. Rabaev, R. U., Chibisov, A. V., Kotenev, A. Yu., et al. (2021). Mathematical modelling of carbonate reservoir dissolution and prediction of the controlled hydrochloric acid treatment efficiency. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 40-46.
36. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismailov, F. S., Veliyev, E. F., Dyshin, O. A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.
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The paper considers the issue of increasing the hydraulic fracturing efficiency in a multilayer facility at the final stage of development with an uneven degree of reserves development along the section. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the upper layers, which have the worst filtration-reservoir properties, are less developed in comparison with the highly productive lower ones. When hydraulic fracturing was carried out in the upper formations, some of the operations had low success due to the breakthrough of hydraulic fractures into the lower depleted formations. On the basis of the revealed dependencies, the work determined the optimal specific loading of proppant per meter of effective power, depending on the geological conditions, and maps of the prospects for hydraulic fracturing are built.

Keywords: oil fields development; hydraulic fracturing; hydraulic fracturing optimization; multilayer facilities.

References

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4. Mardashov, D. V., Rogachev, M. K., Zeigman, Yu. V., Mukhametshin, V. V. (2021). Well Killing Technology before Workover Operation in Complicated Conditions. Energies, 14(3), 654, 1-15.
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6. Minnikhanov, R. N., Maganov, N. U., Khisamov, R.S. (2016). On creation of research and testing facilities to promote study of nonconventional oil reserves in Tatarstan. Oil Industry, 8, 60-63.
7. Khakimzyanov, I. N., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Bakhtizin, R. N., et al. (2021). Justification of necessity to consider well interference in the process of well pattern widening in the Bavlinskoye oil field pashiyan formation. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 77-87.
8. Yakupov, R. F., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Mukhametshin, V. V., Kuleshova, L. S. (2021). Hydrodynamic model application to create a reverse oil cone in water-oil zones. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 54-61.
9. Veliyev, E. F. (2021). Polymer dispersed system for in-situ fluid diversion. Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, 1(78), 61–72.
10. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Review of modern in-situ fluid diversion technologies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 50-66.
11. Rabaev, R. U., Chibisov, A. V., Kotenev, A. Yu., et al. (2021). Mathematical modelling of carbonate reservoir dissolution and prediction of the controlled hydrochloric acid treatment efficiency. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 40-46.
12. Khuzin, R. R., Bakhtizin, R. N., Andreev, V. E., et al. (2021). Oil recovery enhancement by reservoir hydraulic compression technique employment. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 98-108.
13. Suleimanov, B. A., Ismailov, F. S., Veliyev, E. F., Dyshin, O. A. (2013). The influence of light metal nanoparticles on the strength of polymer gels used in oil industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 24-28.
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16. Akhmetov, R. T., Malyarenko, A. M., Kuleshova, L. S., et al. (2021). Quantitative assessment of hydraulic tortuosity of oil and gas reservoirs in Western Siberia based on capillarimetric studies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 77-84.
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23. Yakupov, R. F., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Tyncherov, K. T. (2018). Filtration model of oil coning in a bottom water-drive reservoir. Periodico Tche Quimica, 15(30), 725-733.
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32. Mukhametshin, V. V. (2020). Oil production facilities management improving using the analogy method. SOCAR Proceedings, 4, 42-50.
33. Koltyrin, A. N. (2016). Efficiency enhancement of the technology of a formation hydraulic fracturing in a carbonate-type collector. Oilfield Engineering, 10, 28-31.
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36. Rogachev, M. K., Mukhametshin, V. V., Kuleshova, L. S. (2019). Improving the efficiency of using resource base of liquid hydrocarbons in Jurassic deposits of Western Siberia. Journal of Mining Institute, 240, 711-715.
37. Sun, S. Q., Wan, J. C. (2002). Geological analogs usage rates high in global survey. Oil & Gas Journal, 100(46), 49-50.
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41. Latypov, I. D., Efimov, D. V., Murinov, K. Yu., et al. (2016). Development of a methodological justification of the applicability of hydraulic fracturing technology on carbonate reservoirs of deposits operated by Bashneft-Polyus LLC. Proceedings of the conference «Current scientific and technical solutions for the development of the oil production potential of PJSC ANC Bashneft». Ufa: BashNIPIneft, 124, 359-365.
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43. Grishchenko, V. A., Bashirov, I. R., Mukhametshin, M. R., Bildanov, V. F. (2018). Features of application of proppant-acid fracturing technology o in the fields of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Oil Industry, 12, 120-122.
44. Jennings, A. R. Jr. PE. (2003). OGCI/PetroSkills hydraulic fracturing applications. Enhanced Well Stimulation, Inc.
45. Grishchenko, V. A., Yakupov, R. F., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., et al. (2021). Localization and recovery strategy of residual reserves the pashian horizon of the Tuymazinskoye oil field at the final stage of development. Oil Industry, 5, 103-107.

For the conditions of deposits in Jurassic and Paleozoic terrigenous reservoirs of the Sherkalinsky trough and Shaimsky swell of Western Siberia, a criterion analysis and screening of enhanced oil recovery techniques used in the fields of the West Siberian oil and gas province were carried out. For various groups of oil fields, a set of the most effective technologies for the development of residual hard-to-recover reserves of flooded fields has been proposed. The areas for effective application of the selected techniques for deposits introduced into development within the considered tectonic-stratigraphic elements are determined. The areas determination was carried out on the basis of 19 parameters characterizing the geological-physical and physical-chemical properties of formations and fluids, as well as the maximum and minimum values of the canonical discriminant functions determined by the situational map. Based on the numerical modeling of oil recovery processes, a forecast of an increase in the final oil recovery factor was made for five facilities-field test sites of the selected groups of facilities.

Keywords: hard-to-recover reserves; terrigenous reservoirs; factor analysis; enhanced oil recovery techniques; numerical modeling; criterion analysis.

References

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Ensuring the completeness of oil and gas production from the subsoil by using modern techniques and technologies for controlling the inflow into the well is an urgent task, especially for wells with long horizontal ends. Inflow control devices (ICD), used in conjunction with packers and downhole measurement devices, are part of such systems, covered by the concept of «smart well». In general, such systems make it possible to control the inflow (flow rate) in individual intervals of horizontal wells or in vertical wells of multilayer fields while operating simultaneously in order to optimize production without additional downhole operations in real time.

Keywords: inflow control device; horizontal well; intelligent well.

References

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A sandblasting hammer is lowered into the well, setting against the selected processing interval, and hydraulic clamps are necessary for the rig to be held firmly. The displacement of the latter eliminates the possibility of selective processing. After the usual sandblasting and flushing the well from sand, without changing the position of the perforator, an acid solution is pumped into the pipes, which, entering the channel formed, is filtered through its walls into the treated section of the formation. The part of the acid that, after the end of the treatment, has accumulated in the wellbore, is forced into the reservoir by the squeezing fluid through the annular space. Increase the acid depletion time, i.e. slow down the reaction rate by adding special reagents to the solution. So, a syntanol DS-10 TU 2483-016-71150986-2012 (a non-ionic surfactant and is intended for use as an effective surfactant) is a very effective reaction rate reducer. Adding it in an amount of 0.5% (by weight of the volume of the solution) can reduce the reaction rate by 2.7 times.

Keywords: speed; reaction; syntanol; processing; pressure.

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Increasing the efficiency of water shut-off works is one of the important tasks for the sustainable well operation. The article discusses the use of various plugging compositions for water inflow into a well isolating, their advantages and disadvantages, conditions of use, and presents the results of a study of the proposed composition. The composition of an aqueous solution of polyaluminium chloride and a suspension of gypsum anhydrite is considered. The composition contains 45-55 mass percent of 15-25 percent aqueous solution of polyaluminium chloride and 45-55 mass percent suspension of gypsum anhydrite at a water-solid ratio of 0.9. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of water inflow into the well isolating by obtaining a homogeneous, dense plugging mass formed by mixing the components of the composition and gaining maximum strength over time.

Keywords: well; water cut; isolation; water inflow; plugging mass; bottomhole formation zone; oil production; polyaluminium chloride; anhydrite.

References

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The results of experimental study of oil extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide in a low-permeability reservoir are presented. As an object of study, we selected core samples from a low-permeability oil-saturated reservoir of one of the fields in Western Siberia, which is currently being developed in the regime of depletion of reservoir energy. The contact time of supercritical carbon dioxide with composite core models in three experiments was 8, 24, and 72 hours, respectively. Based on the results of laboratory experiments, the dynamics of the penetration of carbon dioxide along the depth of the composite core model was established. The value of the oil recovery factor and it’s distribution along the length of the core model in time is given.

Keywords: carbon dioxide; low-permeability reservoir; mnimum miscibility pressure; slim-tube; extraction; oil recovery.

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The article is devoted to the issue of optimizing the development system and increasing the efficiency of carbonate deposits of the Tournaisian stage of the Chetyrmanskoye field developing, and the formation of a strategy for their additional development. As a result of the horizontal drilling, the rate of withdrawal from current recoverable reserves in the main area in terms of reserves increased from 0.3 to 5%, which confirms the high efficiency of horizontal wells drilling with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in reservoirs with high stratification and heterogeneity degree of the productive section in order to increase the rate of reserves production and achieve the approved oil recovery factor, as well as the high efficiency of the proposed methodological approach in the design of the facility development by a system of horizontal wells, the correct choice of the facility development strategy in the design solutions formation.

Keywords: oil fields development; carbonate deposits; development of reserves; multi-stage hydraulic fracturing; horizontal well.

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The paper presents the possibilities of optimizing technological approaches for performing hydraulic fracturing operations, taking into account the transition from traditionally used chemical components of the process fluid to synthetic gelling polymers. The proposed option makes it possible to reduce the unit costs of operational activities to increase oil production both for new assets of oil and gas producing companies and for assets at the stage of industrial development. The special emphasis of the proposed technological solutions is correlated with the environmental Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030, aimed at transforming the production processes of the energy complex to reduce the ecological footprint of enterprises. A complete set of laboratory studies confirms the prospect of industrial application of synthetic polymer systems and the feasibility of replicating this approach. The subsequent stage of scale-up of pilot tests will allow to have a basis for development and implementation of standards in the oil and gas industry.

Keywords: oil; well; hydraulic fracturing; chemicals; synthetic gelling polymers.

References

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It is well known that information on filter channels distribution density can be obtained based on the data of core samples capillary studies in laboratory conditions. The curve of the fractional participation of pore channels in filtration, as a rule, is obtained by numerical processing of the capillary studies results. In this study, using a generalized mathematical model of capillary curves, an analytical solution is obtained for filtration channels distribution density by size in the conditions of Western Siberia reservoirs. The work shows that the main share in the filtration is taken by pore channels, the sizes of which are close to the maximum value. The density function of the filtering channels is mainly determined by the maximum radius and heterogeneity of the pore channel size distribution.

Keywords: capillary pressure curve; generalized model; distribution density; filtering channels.

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The article deals with the issue of carbonate strata of complex geological structure development efficiency improving. Such facilities, as a rule, have deteriorated reservoir properties, parameter anisotropy and are complicated by secondary cavernosity. All of these factors affect the recovery efficiency and are often reflected in development indicators. On the example of Tournaisian stage deposits an example of a methodological approach to the development analysis which takes into consideration various geological factors is presented. As a result, various dependencies were obtained, which when taken into account determin the most promising areas in terms of development efficiency. The issues of the waterflooding system efficiency and the ways of its efficiency increasing are considered separately.

Keywords: oil fields development; carbonate reservoirs; development efficiency; waterflooding system.

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The article discusses the issue of resource base management in a complex structure of residual reserves. To increase the efficiency of the reserves development, constant monitoring of their distribution is necessary - how much they are involved, is there any potential for additional involvement, how efficient are the areas already involved in development. The paper proposes a methodological approach to the residual reserves control process organization, which allows planning and adjusting the program of reserves development. This is of particular relevance for companies that develop assets in the late stages of development, which do not have the ability to indiscriminate drilling. On the example of one of the enterprises developing assets in the Volga-Ural oil and gas province, the structuring of residual reserves was carried out, on the basis of which a strategy for increasing the reserves involvement in development was formed. To analyze the efficiency of reserves recovery in the involved areas, a reserve utilization factor based on the displacement forecast is proposed. Its implementation made it possible to identify problem areas, on the example of one of which a highly effective program for drilling horizontal wells was subsequently implemented.

Keywords: oil fields development; oil reserves; resource management; reserves development; horizontal wells.

References

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The geological structure of Kashiro-Verey carbonate deposits is considered on the example of one of the deposits of the Perm Region. By combining geophysical studies of wells, standard and tomographic studies of core, the following lithotypes of carbonate rocks were identified: highly porous cavernous, layered heterogeneous porous, heterogeneous fractured porous, dense. It was found that for heterogeneous lithotypes, the porosity estimate in the volume of the permeable part of the rocks significantly exceeds 7%. Experiments on the destruction of rocks were carried out for the selected lithotypes. As a result, it was found that cracks do not form for samples of the cavernous lithotype at a compression pressure of 20 MPa. For a compacted lithotype, already at a compression pressure of more than 10 MPa, an intensive development of fracturing occurs. As a result of multiaxial loading of cores, which can be considered as analogous fracturing of the formation, wide fractures are formed, along which filtration of fluids can occur.

Keywords: proppant hydraulic fracturing; X-ray tomography of the core; porosity; permeability; fractured reservoir; oil deposit; carbonate deposits.

References

1. Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Bakhtizin, R. N., Kuleshova, L. S. (2021). Differentiation and grouping of complex-structured oil reservoirs in carbonate reservoirs in development management problems solving. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 88–97.
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Water-gas influence (WGI) is an oil recovery method improving displacement ratio, sweep efficiency and adjusting the alignment of displacement. This study is a review of the traditional WAG methods (Immiscible WAG, Hybrid WAG, Simultaneous WAG and Selective Simultaneous WAG), including with stabilizing surfactants, WAG. We also consider such sparsely used methods as: SSWAG, FAWAG, CWAG, TWAG, VR-WAG, Up- and Down-dip WAG, HC-WAG, PAG, SAG, WASP, LSW WAG, LSASF, SMSW-AGF and others. The advantages and disadvantages of these tools are considered.

Keywords: water-gas influence (WGI); WAG; SWAG; enhanced oil recovery; APG utilization.

References

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Study is due to the possibility of loss of stability of the pipeline in the process of pumping a product with a positive operating temperature and the formation of thawing halos. The article presents the ways of solving the thermomechanical problem of pipeline displacement due to thawing. The rate of formation of a thawing halo is investigated depending on the initial temperatures of the soil and the pumped product. The developed monitoring system makes it possible to study the rate of occurrence of thawing halos in the process of pumping the product. An experimental study on the formation of thawing halos around the pipeline was carried out on an experimental model. A thermophysical comparative calculation of temperatures around the pipeline on a model by the finite element method has been carried out.

Keywords: underground pipeline; permafrost; thawing halo; monitoring; operating conditions; stress–strain state.

References

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The analysis of theoretical solutions and experimental data given in numerous literatures to justify the choice of the ratio of the size of gravel in relation to the size of formation sand showed that with the development of experimental methods and the accumulation of laboratory and field data, this ratio tends to decrease. When installing filters in an open hole, pressure losses at the interface between gravel and the formation play a significant role, and it should be noted that the greatest productivity and efficiency of the filter in an open hole is achieved when there is a packing around it, which can be created by crushing the sandy massif of the formation by cyclical changes debit. When choosing a filter design, along with the ability to provide them with a reliable hydraulic connection in the reservoir-filter system, the main task is also solved - to prevent sand flow into the well. The study of the conditions for the removal of sand particles through the flow sections in perforated, mesh and slotted filters during their operation both in homogeneous and in sands of different size, made it possible to recommend empirical dependences for determining the size of the holes.

Keywords: porous medium; coarse fraction; sand; particle; well.

References

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This paper considers the issue of heterogeneous system separation efficiency under the action of centrifugal forces working in hydrocyclones. The main problem with these apparatuses is related to vortex forming. The paper describes the negative effects of vortexes on the heterogeneous medium separation process. A hydrocyclone design was developed and described, which improves the hydrocyclone separation capacity. This design introduces a vortex breaker. Furthermore, vortex formation can be eliminated or minimized by providing the vortex breaker with a rough surface. To determine the separation efficiency and the adequacy of the proposed solution, hydrodynamic computer simulation and experimental studies were conducted. Solidworks Flow Simulation software was used for hydrodynamic computer simulation. To check the medium separation degree, an experimental study was conducted showing improvement of the hydrocyclone separation capacity efficiency by 3% in the developed apparatus compared to conventional hydrocyclone designs.

Keywords: hydrocyclone; separation; separating capacity; vortex breaker; heterogeneous system; oil preparation; hydrodynamics.

References

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The article describes a way to combat fatigue effects in the details of connecting modules of an electric driven centrifugal pump unit for oil production. A constructive solution for implementing the method in relation to complex downhole conditions in the form of a multifunctional damper using a differential piston to transfer it from the transport position when lowering into the well into the working one is shown. For a full-size damper, experimental studies of its vibration- isolating characteristics have been carried out when used in the form of substrates for supporting arms of elastomers of various densities and compositions. The preferred characteristics of elastomers and their ranking for various frequencies of forced vibrations are determined.

Keywords: module, connection parts; electrically driven centrifugal pump unit; electrocentrifugal pumping unit; differential piston; damper; sbstrate; vibration velocity.

References

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The study presents a simulation of pyrolysis reactors of various designs performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. The non-isothermal flow (k–ε turbulent flow) module is used. The advantages this technique has over other commonly used ones are shown. The results indicate that under the same conditions, heating in sectional reactors is more intense. To achieve optimal results, the coolant flow rate in new reactors maybe by an order of magnitude less compared to the conventional design. The use of sectional reactors for multi-flow processing of hydrocarbon waste is advisable.

Keywords: sectional reactor; pyrolysis; hydrocarbon waste; heat transfer; turbulent flow. 

References

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The article presents the results of deep processing of heavy crude oil in supercritical aqueous fluid, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the content of sulfur and resinous asphaltene compounds in products, and to increase the yield of light fuel fractions. The possibility of reducing the temperature of upgrading of heavy crude oil due to the presence of active charcoal in the reaction medium is shown. The proposed technology provides environmentally safe and residue-free processing of heavy oil and further production of high-quality hydrocarbon raw materials enriched in low-boiling fractions.

Keywords: upgrading; heavy crude oil; supercritical aqueous fluid; activated charcoal.

References

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This article describes the adsorption capability of natural zeolites for the purification and dehydration of natural gases. Studies were carried out with natural clinoptilolite treated with various cadmium and titanium solutions. Zeolite-containing rocks were used as a natural adsorbent and experiments using a synthetic CaA zeolite were also carried for comparison. The experiments showed that zeolite from the Ai-Dag deposits possesses the highest activity in terms of sulfur compound. Its activity is closer to that of synthetic CaA zeolite. Studies showed that natural zeolites and adsorbents obtained on their basis allow the gas to be dehydrated to a dew point temperature of minus 40-45 °C. This is sufficient to prepare gas for transportation directly from the fields under any climatic conditions.

Keywords: gas dehydration; zeolite; adsorbent; sulfur compounds.

References

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The article analysis the oil and gas production condition in the Republic on basis of statistical data of many years as well as the level of investment provision. The article estimates the structure of expenses on innovative techniques, the condition of exploitation of oil and gas boreholes, the implementation of geological and technological actions, the ways of exploitation methods as well as the methods of ledge effects and influence on extra oil production. It also shows up the reserves and ways of their rational usage.

Keywords: innovative activity; geological and technological actions; oil and gas; well.

References

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The article deals with the economic attractiveness of hard-to-recover oil reserves in the Ural-Volga region development. The fuel and energy complex is a budgetforming one for oil-producing regions and contributes to the development of all sectors of the economy, and is bound by social responsibility. The current situation and trends in the global economy demonstrate that oil production intensification is a paramount task to all related industries efficiency improving, taxes being the main share in the cost structure. Therefore, in order to stimulate the reserves from low-permeability reservoirs development, tax exemptions are provided in the form of a reduced tax on mineral extraction. The paper considers an example of development efficiency improving due to tax incentives. According to the assessment results, the option with tax incentives is more beneficial for both the state and the subsoil user.

Keywords: oil fields development; hard-to-recover reserves; taxation; qualified for tax relief; production intensification.

References

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The article discusses a number of topical issues of modern organizational design. Through the analysis of the approaches of Russian and foreign scientists, the factors that need to be taken into account in organizational design are identified. Out of a multitude of factors, we have selected those that have the greatest impact in various options for the market and technological environment for an oil and gas company. Organizational schemes which can be recommended for organizing management in different market conditions are shown. A method to reconcile the influence of the basic and other factors in the organizational design process is proposed. A mechanism for constructing an organizational structure in modern conditions in oil and gas companies is proposed. In the conclusion, recommendations on the directions for further research on the problems of building organizational structures are given.

Keywords: organizational structure; building organizational structures; competitiveness factors; organizational design.

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The article analyzes the technical and regulatory restrictions that complicate the production of hydrocarbons at the final stage of operation, as well as the directions of resource and innovative development of the fuel and energy complex in the context of sanctions and restrictions in the development of national priorities. The features of regulatory regulation of legislation and indicators of digital transformation for previously developed fields and the preservation of hydrocarbon markets, the development of national economies in the long term, taking into account the widespread use of intelligent technologies and digital platforms, are considered. Taking into account the technological advantages, it is recommended to ensure the digitalization of oil and gas wells using fiber-optic technologies and the creation of intelligent wells and fields on this basis, which, in conditions of limited funding, will ensure an increase in recoverable gas and oil production reserves of at least 10% during operation, a reduction in well downtime of about 50 % of the initial level and a reduction in operating costs of about 10-25 %.

Keywords: inovation; regulation; digital economy; transformation; modeling; intelligent technology; digital platform.

References

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The paper examines in detail the environmental impact of foaming agents used for extinguishing Class B fires, which include oil and petroleum product fires. There is a significant negative impact on the environment of long-chain fluorine-containing foaming agents and the search for alternatives of their use for firefighting. The advantages of calculation methods for determining the environmental parameters of foaming agents to extinguish fires, taking into account their chemical structure, are noted. The method «Quantitative Structure - Property Relationships» was used for obtaining BCF, LC₅₀ (Fathead Minnow, Daphnia Magna), IGC₅₀ (Tetrahymena Pyriformis) for a number of foaming agents with a carbon chain length C₈-C₁₄, containing fluorine and fluorine-free. It is shown that according to BCF the safest is sodium lauryl sulfate, according to LC₅₀ (Daphnia Magna) the safest of the studied are foaming agents based on alkyl compounds Sodium decyl sulfate, Sodium lauryl sulphate, Triethanolamine salt of deсyl sulfate (third class of acute toxicity), whereas fluorine-containing compounds (6:2 fluorotelomers) according to LC₅₀ (Daphnia Magna) belong to the first class of acute toxicity (the most dangerous of the studied compounds).

Keywords: fluorine-free foaming agent; fluorotelomer; oil; petroleum products; extinguishing the fires; environmental parameter; calculation method.

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Decarbonization of the world economy is one of the main trends in global development of the last decade. The beginning of the transition of the world economy to green energy poses new tasks and challenges for the geological exploration industry as well as for the fuel and energy complex. Currently, the most demanded energy-chemical resources are oil, natural gas and, to a lesser extent, coal. Their production has approached the maximum possible level and in the near future will inevitably begin to decline. However, due to large investments and highly efficient technologies, the process of switching to alternative energy sources may drag on for a long period, during which traditional hydrocarbons will remain the basis of the energy sector in many countries. The share of hard-to-recover reserves in the world is constantly growing; in Russia, it currently exceeds 65%. Hard-to-recover reserves include, in particular, reserves of highviscosity oils and bitumen (with a viscosity of more than 30 mPa·s). The article discusses the prospects and possible ways of developing bitumen and coal deposits within the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin.

Keywords: decarbonization; natural bitumen; heavy oil; coal seams; thermal treatment.

References

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Climatic conditions can also act as harmful factors from which the employee must be protected. But winter conditions are very different depending on the area of the country. Therefore, the standard regulations governing the issuance of warm clothing have established norms depending on climatic zones. The main disadvantage of the existing work clothing is insufficient resistance to the effects of oil and oil products, the inconsistency of the physiological and hygienic properties of the materials used with the production conditions. This
causes significant damage to the health of workers in the production of acids and significantly reduces labor efficiency.

Keywords: occupational risk; driller; occupational disease; special clothing; risk-based approach.

References

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This paper discusses the use of an acoustic effect and technique to extinguish flames when extinguishing fires of oil and petroleum products. The added value is also to analyze the development prospects to familiarize the reader with the current state of knowledge in the use of acoustic waves for extinguishing of oil and petroleum products. Some types and conditions of using the acoustic effect when extinguishing a fire are considered. Various options for using the acoustic effect in fire extinguishers are shown. The prospects and environmental friendliness of the acoustic method in extinguishing the fires of oil and petroleum products are noted.

Keywords: acoustic effect; oil; petroleum product; environment; firefighting; flame; acoustic fire extinguisher.

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Additives are important components of PVC composites, providing polymer modification and retention of its properties throughout the entire period of operation. The development and application of environmentally friendly adipate plasticizers is urgent. The article presents the results of kinetic studies of the esterification of adipic acid with ethoxylated n-butanol of varying degrees of ethoxylation. The effect of various catalysts on the yield of the target ester and the degree of ethoxylation on the rate of the esterification reaction was studied. A mathematical model of the kinetics of the process of obtaining dibutoxyethyl adipates of various degrees of ethoxylation has been developed, which makes it possible to predict the technological indicators of the efficiency of the acid catalyst and the effect of the degree of ethoxylation of the alcohol used.

Keywords: adipate plasticizer; kinetics; mathematical model; polyvinyl chloride; prediction; esterification.

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