Gradual increase in hydrocarbon production by the Saudi Arabia, Russia and the USA has led to the fact that today their share in the global production volume is about 42%, according to British Petroleum. At the same time, the market volume for small players, focused primarily on domestic demand and meeting the needs of their nearest neighbors, is falling proportionally. A striking example of this trend is the Republic of Sudan, on whose territory a small number of oil and gas fields are being developed, characterized by a very complex structure associated with rift sedimentary basins, which began to be studied in detail only a few years ago. The first comprehensive regional geological work began only at the end of 1974. As of today, all discovered oil reservoirs are located within rift zones, and the most promising one is the Muglad Basin, which contains eleven discovered oil fields connected with the terrigenous deposits of Upper Cretaceous and Miocene. Based on the study of seismic and core data, sequence stratigraphic and sedimentological models were built of the main depositional structures of the Muglad Basin, the potential was evaluated of the discovery of new hydrocarbon deposits.

Keywords: rift valley; fields sedimentary complexes; Muglad Basin; Sudan; sequence stratigraphy.

References

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The article discusses methods for assessing the quality of reservoirs using core data and geophysical methods of well surveys. Identifying the presence (or absence) of relationships between the analyzed parameters, a comparison between the parameters characterizing the filtration capacity of reservoir rocks was made with their lithological composition, water saturation coefficient, porosity, and content of carbonate material. On the example of data from some fields in the northern part of the Baku archipelago, an improved method for assessing permeability was applied and the quality of reservoirs was assessed based on data from borehole geophysics.

Keywords: reservoir; core; porosity; permeability; logging; quality of reservoir rocks.

References

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Theoretical prerequisites for the development of a complex action reagent, in order to stabilize drilling fluids and the best results in combining the properties of reducing the plastic viscosity index and the filtration index of drilling fluids, are shown by samples of Rodopol-23P and pitchy carbolignosulfonate KLSP. A corresponding scheme for obtaining a reagent of complex action has been developed.

Keywords: development of compoundings for drill mud solutions; chemical reagents; stabilizers; improvement of technological properties; drill mud solutions.

References

1. Veliyev, F. F. (2022). Regulation of specific properties of drilling fluids with newly synthesized polymer additives. Scientific Petroleum, 1, 42-45.
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Methods for evaluating the carrying capacity of drilling fluids for effective hole cleaning are considered. An indicator of the carrying capacity of drilling fluids is proposed, considering the completeness of the flow profile in the annulus. For the rheological models of Newton, Ostwald, Bingham, Herschel – Bulkley and Shulman – Casson, the influence of flow rate and rheological properties on the carrying capacity index in laminar flow in a concentric annular gap is studied. Based on the analysis of field data, the effect of temperature on the carrying capacity of drilling fluids is shown.

Keywords: carrying capacity; drilling fluid; laminar flow; rheological model.

References

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The article is devoted to the study of the main factors that play an important role in the occurrence of such complications as lost circulation. The article presents the results of studies of the distributions of the petrophysical characteristics of the reservoirs and their influence on the occurrence of losses, which made it possible to substantiate the tasks, ways to solve them and the nature of the initial information necessary for this; based on the methods of mathematical statistics and fuzzy cluster analysis, an assessment was made of the mutual correspondence of geological conditions and the severity of losses, which made it possible to justify the interval, the severity of losses and the choice of a way to deal with them.

Keywords: abnormally low reservoir pressures; petrophysical characteristics; fuzzy cluster analysis; losses.

References

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This paper proposes a hydrodynamic model of two-phase three-component fluid filtration in a layered heterogeneous reservoir that takes into account cross-flows between layers and allows prediction of the process of oil displacement by water under conditions of water shut-off near injection and production wells. The numerical calculations show that, in the absence of cross-flow between layers, the oil recovery factor for the entire reservoir is higher with water shut-off near the injection well than with water shut-off near the production well, and this effect grows as the water cut of the high permeability layer decreases. In the event of cross-flow across layers, the oil recovery factor in the entire reservoir is higher with water shut-off near the production well than with water shut-off near the injection well, and this impact grows when water cut in the high-permeability layer decreases. In the absence of crossflow, the gel washout time during water shut-off in the region of both injection and production wells is substantially longer than in the presence of crossflow.

Keywords: hydrodynamic model; water shut-off; oil reservoir; gel; well.

References

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The article analyzes the viscoelastic compositions breakthrough in the process of polymer flooding pilot testing in the conditions of a complex terrigenous reservoir of the Zaburunye deposit. It was found that a significant increase in the polymers concentration in producing wells is due to the high reserves’ depletion in the sites. It is shown that significant injection volumes, including polymers, as well as the new wells involvement into testing as part of polymer flooding experiment expansion are not environmentally justified, which is due to the high-filtering channels appearance, which are the main cause for physical destruction of polymer chains. To control this phenomenon, a variant of high-viscosity fringes pumping is proposed.

Keywords: polymer; water manifestation; system approach; water isolation; oil recovery.

References

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11. Mukhametshin, V. V. (2021). Improving the efficiency of managing the development of the west siberian oil and gas province fields on the basis of differentiation and grouping. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 62(12), 1373–1384.
12. Mukhametshin, V. Sh. (2022). Oil recovery factor express evaluation during carbonate reservoirs development in natural regimes. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 27-37.
13. Kuleshova, L. S., Mukhametshin, V. Sh. (2022). Research and justification of innovative techniques employment for hydrocarbons production in difficult conditions. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 71-79.
14. Khisamiev, T. R., Bashirov, I. R., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., et al. (2021). Results of the development system optimization and increasing the efficiency of carbonate reserves extraction of the Turney stage of the Chetyrmansky deposit. SOCAR Proceedings, SI2, 131-142.
15. Fattakhov, I. G., Kuleshova, L. S., Bakhtizin, R. N., et al. (2021). Complexing the hydraulic fracturing simulation results when hybrid acid-propant treatment performing and with the simultaneous hydraulic fracture initiation in separated intervals. SOCAR Proceedings, SI2, 103-111.
16. Grishchenko, V. A., Tsiklis, I. M., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Yakupov, R. F. (2021). methodological approaches to increasing the flooding system efficiency at the later stage of reservoir development. SOCAR Proceedings, SI2, 161-171.
17. Ismayilov, F. S., Ibrahimov, H. M., Abdullayeva, F. Y. (2015). Estimated results of biotechnology application based on formation stimulation at field Bibiheybat. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 43-46.
18. Mukhametshin, V. V., Bakhtizin, R. N., Kuleshova, L. S., et al. (2021). Screening and assessing the conditions for effective oil recovery enhancing techniques application for hard to recover high-water cut reserves. SOCAR Proceedings, SI2, 48-56.
19. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Review of modern in-situ fluid diversion technologies. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 50-66.
20. Grishchenko, V. A., Rabaev, R. U., Asylgareev, I. N. et al. (2021). Methodological approach to optimal geological and technological characteristics determining when planning hydraulic fracturing at multilayer facilities. SOCAR Proceedings, SI2, 182-191.
21. Mukhametshin, V. V., Kuleshova, L. S. (2022). Improving the lower cretaceous deposits development efficiency in western siberia employing enhanced oil recovery. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 9-18.
22. Rabaev, R. U., Chibisov, A. V., Kotenev, A. Yu., et al. (2021). Mathematical modelling of carbonate reservoir dissolution and prediction of the controlled hydrochloric acid treatment efficiency. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 40-46.
23. Veliyev, E. F. (2021). Polymer dispersed system for in-situ fluid diversion. Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, 1(78), 61–72.
24. Gasumov, E. R., Gasumov, R. A. (2020). Innovative risk management for geological and technical (technological) measures at oil and gas fields. SOCAR Proceedings, 2, 8-16.
25. Grishchenko, V. A., Pozdnyakova, T. V., Mukhamadiyev, B. M., et al. (2021). Improving the carbonate reservoirs development efficiency on the example of the tournaisian stage deposits. SOCAR Proceedings, SI2, 238-247.
26. Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Khakimzyanov, I. N., Bakhtizin, R. N., Kuleshova, L. S. (2021). Differentiation and grouping of complex-structured oil reservoirs in carbonate reservoirs in development management problems solving. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 88-97.
27. Veliyev, E. F. (2020). Mechanisms of polymer retention in porous media. SOCAR Procеedings, 3, 126-134.
28. Sergeev, V. V., Sharapov, R. R., Kudymov, A. Yu., et al. (2020). Experimental research of the colloidal systems with nanoparticles influence on filtration characteristics of hydraulic fractures. Nanotechnologies in Construction, 12(2), 100–107.
29. Kuleshova, L. S., Fattakhov, I. G., Sultanov, Sh. Kh., et al. (2021). Experience in conducting multi-zone hydraulic fracturing on the oilfield of PJSC «Tatneft». SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 68-76.
30. Khakimzyanov, I. N., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Bakhtizin, R. N., et al. (2021). Justification of necessity to consider well interference in the process of well pattern widening in the bavlinskoye oil field pashiyan formation. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 77-87.
31. Vishnyakov, V., Suleimanov, B., Salmanov, A., Zeynalov, E. (2019). Primer on enhanced oil recovery. United States: Elsevier Inc., Gulf Professional Publishing.
32. Suleimanov B.A. (1995) Filtration of disperse systems in a nonhomogeneous porous-medium. Colloid Journal. Vol. 57, № 5, P. 704-707.
33. Chizhov, A. P., Doskazieva, G. Sh., Andreev, V. E., et al, (2021). Factors affecting the stability of polymers under flooding conditions at vostochny Moldabek field. Problems of Gathering, Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, 6(134), 52-69.
34. 34. Khuzin, R. R., Bakhtizin, R. N., Andreev, V.E., et al. (2021). Oil recovery enhancement by reservoir hydraulic compression technique employment. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 98-108.
35. Manichand, R. N. N., Seright, R. S. S. (2014). Field vs. laboratory polymer-retention values for a polymer flood in the Tambaredjo field. SPE Reservoir Evaluation Engineering, 17(03), 314–325.
36. Algharaib, M., Alajmi, A., Gharbi, R. (2013 May). Investigation of polymer flood performance in high salinity oil reservoirs. SPE-149133-MS. In: SPE/DGS Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
37. Farouq Ali, S. M., Sera, T. (1989 Septemer). The promise and problems of enhanced oil recovery methods. In: Technical Meeting/Petroleum Conference of The South Saskatchewan Section. Petroleum Society of Canada.
38. Delamaide, E., Tabary, R., Rousseau, D. (2014, March). Chemical EOR in low permeability reservoirs. SPE-169673-MS. In: SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
39. Stoll, W., Hamad al, S., Finol, J., Al-Harthy, S. A., et al. (2011, December). Alkaline / surfactant / polymer flood: from the laboratory to the field. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 14(06), 702-712.
40. Tovar, F. D., Barrufet, M. A., Schechter, D. S. (2014, April). Long term stability of acrylamide based polymers during chemically assisted CO₂ WAG EOR. SPE-169053-MS. In: SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
41. Yerramilli, S. S., Zitha, P. L. J., Yerramilli, R. C. (2013, June). Novel insight into polymer injectivity for polymer flooding modeling of polymer flow in porous media. SPE-165195-MS. In: SPE European Formation Damage Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
42. Zechner, M., Clemens, T., Suri, A., Sharma, M. M. (2014, April). Simulation of polymer injection under fracturing conditions - a field pilot in the matzen field, Austria. SPE-169043-MS. In: SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
43. Mukhametshin, V. Sh. (2022). Oil flooding in carbonate reservoirs management. SOCAR Proceedings, SI1, 38-44.
44. Mardashov, D. V., Rogachev, M. K., Zeigman, Yu. V., Mukhametshin, V. V. (2021). Well killing technology before workover operation in complicated conditions. Energies, 14(3), 654, 1-15.

The article shows the results of planning and conducting hydrodynamic studies in producing wells analysis, which states that the pressure recovery curve (PRC) is an effective tool for solving problems of increasing the informativeness and knowledge of the reservoir energy state. The high degree of equipment with telemetry systems sensors (TSS) at the pump suction makes it possible to significantly increase the coverage of the field with estimates of reservoir parameters in the zones of drilling new wells. The depth sensors employment makes it possible to better succeed in reservoir pressure estimation and, as a result, eliminate an error in pressure recalculation. A large number of TSS sensors at producing wells allows us to digitalize the deposit, reduce losses in oil production by optimizing the research program and operational data using. The technology of express reservoir pressure estimation in the production and pressure analysis according to the data from the TSS sensor is considered in the article, which does not require a stop on the level recovery curve (LRC) or PRC, which thereby eliminates oil and liquid losses. This technique of reservoir pressure estimating allows to increase the coverage of research in fields with low-permeability reservoirs and in areas with high oil debits.

Keywords: hydrodynamic studies of wells; oil field development; pressure recovery curve; permeability; telemetry system sensor; digitalization; oil production; reservoir parameters.

References

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17. Khisamiev, T. R., Bashirov, I. R., Mukhametshin, V. Sh., et al. (2021). Results of the development system optimization and increasing the efficiency of carbonate reserves extraction of the Turney stage of the Chetyrmansky deposit. SOCAR Proceedings, SI2, 131-142.
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31. Abbasov, A. A., Abbasov, E. M., Ismayilov, Sh. Z., Suleymanov, A. A. (2021). Waterflooding efficiency estimation using capacitance-resistance model with non-linear productivity index. SOCAR Procеedings, 3, 45-53.
32. Mukhametshin, V. V. (2021). Improving the efficiency of managing the development of the west siberian oil and gas province fields on the basis of differentiation and grouping. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 62(12), 1373–1384.
33. Mukhametshin, V. Sh., Khakimzyanov, I. N. (2021). Features of grouping low-producing oil deposits in carbonate reservoirs for the rational use of resources within the Ural-Volga region. Journal of Mining Institute, 252, 896-907.
34. Back, M. J., Kirk, G. (2012, September). An integrated portfolio management approach for more effective business planning. SPE-162748-MS. In: SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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The article presents a water shut-off method with simultaneous acid treatment effective in both terrigenous and carbonate reservoirs. Field and experimental studies were carried out in the fields Kruk and Shurchi. As a result of the measures taken, a significant increase in oil production and reduction of production water cut was observed.

Keywords: gel systems; gel formation; water shut-off; oil well; well flow rate.

References

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The paper introduces experimental research results, on the basis of which a method for enhancing oil recovery of low-temperature formations was developed, including thermal gas and chemical effects. The initiation of the oxidation process by injection of chemical agents contributes to its uniform distribution in the bottomhole zone, the increase in the initiation zone and the leveling of the front of the advancement of the exothermic reaction zone. The thermal and oil-displacing rims formed as a result of the oxidation process contribute to a significant increase in oil recovery. When applying the proposed method of developing an oil deposit, corrosion of equipment decreases, the amount of carbon dioxide formed increases, produced water becomes alkaline, and the oil displacement coefficient increases significantly. The prospect of the proposed method is associated with the use of in-situ energy potential, low-value chemical reagents, as well as the high availability of the main agent - air. The technology is easy in implementation, cost-effective and does not require special well design.

Keywords: pyrite; exothermic reaction; sodium hydroxide solution; ammonium carbonate solution; oxidation; enhanced oil recovery; stimulation methods; oil displacement bank.

References

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The problem of the optimal selection of the lift internal diameter and length used in gas-lift oil production method, with the optimal operating mode of the lift, is formulated as a two-criteria optimization problem with criteria and restrictions obtained on the basis of the equation of motion of a steady flow of fluid into the well. To solve the stated objective, the general problem of a multi-criteria problem with any finite number of criteria, constraints, and input independent variables is considered. A genetic algorithm for solving such a problem has been developed.

Keywords: well; gas-lift; oil production; optimal operating; algorithm.

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Today, a large number of methods are used to combat the flow of sand along with the reservoir fluid, which must be divided into the following groups: improving the operating conditions of wells, under which sand rises along with the fluid from the well; creation of technology and equipment that allow retaining sand in the annulus. Methods that are used according to the first group are rarely used due to the fact that conditions arise for hydroabrasive wear of all equipment that comes into contact with sand, disturbance of the formation structure in the bottomhole formation zone, sand deposits in surface equipment and in the well sump when wells are shut down. The most promising method of combating these manifestations are technologies and equipment used according to the second group: injection of cement, foam-cement and cement-sand mixtures into the annulus of the well bottom zone; downhole filter application; injection of sand with a large fraction of grains and gravel into the bottomhole zone of wells; injection of synthetic resins into the annulus of the bottomhole zone of the well; combined methods, including the above. Titanium screens and gravel packs are the most effective means of preventing formation failure.

Keywords: downhole reservoir; sand plug; well; steam-thermal impact.

References

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An important task at the stage of designing any activity related to oil recovery enhancement (in the present case repair and isolation works), is process modeling, in particular, hydrodynamic modeling. Modeling is used to forecast the parameters of oil recovery as s function of the implemented technology at the design stage. As a result, the cost of works performed can be reduced and the profitability and success rate of the planned activities can be assessed. The paper considers the assessment of technological and economic effects using the developed two-phase hydrodynamic model simulating oil-saturated and water-bearing layers. Discussed are the calculated values and relationship between skin factor and various isolation factors. The graphs of oil flow rate and water cut as functions of the material isolation factor are given.

Keywords: water isolation; hydrodynamic model; skin factor; isolation factor; water inflow.

References

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The article presents the results of a study of oil gas saturation influence on its viscosity. Studies of the dissolved gas effect on the oil viscosity in a wide range of gas and water content changes in reservoir products are presented. According to some studies, the dissolved gas presence in oil can significantly reduce its viscosity. Based on a comparative analysis of the oil viscosity under standard conditions, a statistical relationship between the viscosity of gas-saturated oil and its standard value, depending on the gas saturation, was obtained. A method for gas-saturated water-oil emulsion viscosity calculating is proposed on the example of reservoir oils of the Arlan oil field based on preliminary measurement of the viscosity of degassed liquid and gas-saturated oil at 20° C, the residual amount of dissolved gas in oil determination by the degassing curve of this oil.

Keywords: dissolved gas; degassed oil viscosity; water content; oil-water emulsion.

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The article presents the results of the Novo-Khazinsky industrial experiment on the well grid density (WGD), taking into account the change in the understanding of the geological structure and current development indicators. The final oil recovery factor was determined, conclusions about the effect of well grid compaction on this indicator were summarized. It is shown that the well grid compaction at an early development stage in the conditions of heterogeneous layers of the Lower Carboniferous terrigenous strata (LCTS) of the Arlan field is expedient and significantly affects the final oil recovery factor (ORF). The increase in the final oil recovery factor from the WGD compaction from 14.7 to 10.3 ha/well with the organization of a rigid reservoir pressure maintenance system (RPM) is estimated at 0.125-unit fraction. The absence of the WGD influence on the geological and technological measures (GTM) effectiveness in terms of restoring oil production has been established. The efficiency of such well interventions is largely influenced by the geological and physical parameters of the well bottomhole formation zones and the well operation technological parameters. The results obtained can be used to analyze and improve the efficiency of existing development systems. Further study of the WGD impact on development indicators (on the example of a field experiment at the Akineevsky and Cherlak experimental sites of the Arlanskoye field) is of significant scientific and practical interest.

Keywords: oil fields development; Arlan oil field; Novo-Khazinsky experiment; well grid density; oil recovery factor.

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According to most researchers, the most promising alternative plugging materials are geopolymers - inorganic cementitious materials formed as a result of reaction of aluminosilicates with alkaline activator. Lightweight geopolymer mortars are of particular interest, allowing to considerably expand the conditions of application of such systems in cementing operations. To create lightweight geopolymer solutions, in the presented study the following agents were used as gas-forming agents: ferrosilicium slag and aluminum powder (AP). Ferrosilicium slag (FSS) is an industrial byproduct that is based on the oxidation process of free silicon in a chemical reaction. The application of FSS and AP leads to a 27% and 23% decrease in specific gravity of the specimens examined, an improvement in their mechanical properties, in particular increasing compressive strength by 3.9%, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity by 2.8% and 3.7% respectively, splitting tensile strength by 5.9%, compared to the use of AP as an extender additive.

Keywords: geopolymer; gas-forming agent; well cementing; lightweight cement; zonal isolation.

References

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The work is devoted to one of the urgent problems of the oil and gas complex - the transportation of high-viscosity oils. The object of the study was the high-viscosity high-sulphur mixed oil of the Ashalchinskoye field. The sonochemical treatment of oil made it possible to reduce the effective viscosity by 35-40% and the pour point by 15-20 °C. Pilot tests of the developed unit and sonochemical technology have shown the possibility of reducing the load on pumping stations of main pipelines, reducing the number of hot oil pumping stations, and reducing the amount of emissions of organic sulfur compounds into the atmosphere.

Keywords: high-viscosity oil; petroleum dispersed systems; ultrasound; pour point depres-sants; sonochemical effect; effective viscosity; pour point.

References

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16. Mullakaev, M. S., Volkova, G. I., Gradov, O. M. (2015). Effect of ultrasound on the viscosity-temperature properties of crude oils of various compositions. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 49(3), 287-296.
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20. Matiev, K. I., Samedov, A. M., Akhmedov, F. M. (2021). Development of pour point depressants for crude oil and study of their properties. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 90-96.
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Today, thermochemical reactors are an integral element in many industries. Failure of reactor elements can lead to significant negative consequences. An analysis of the consequences of failures of thermochemical reactors containing a stirrer is presented. The FMEA method has been used to determine the main causes of failures in thermochemical reactors with agitator. When using failure statistics, the Pareto chart shows the distribution of the main causes of agitator failure. It has been established that the combination of the most significant causes leads to the failure of the bearing units and, as a result, the mixing device. A Markov model of the failure rate of bearing assemblies of a thermochemical reactor using rolling bearings, as well as magnetostatic bearings, is presented. Using the method of Markov processes, the rationale for replacing the rolling bearings of a mixing device with magnetostatic bearing assemblies is shown. The probability of failure-free operation as a result of calculations was 0.9998 for bearings based on rolling bearings and 0.9999 for magnetostatic bearings.

Keywords: failure analysis; thermochemical reactor; Markov processes; mixing device; bearing assembly; technical condition.

References

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4. Bukhtoyarov, V. V., Nekrasov, I. S., Tynchenko, V. S., et al. (2022). Application of machine learning algorithms for refining processes in the framework of intelligent automation. SOCAR Proceedings, 1, 12-20.
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When a reinforced concrete beam deflects, a process occurs that leads to the formation of cracks in the stretched area of the wall. In turn, cracks reduce the strength, bearing characteristics of the beam and, accordingly, have a direct effect on the increase in deflection, which worsens the bearing capacity of the entire structure, and leads to an emergency situation. The article considers the calculation of the opening of normal cracks of a reinforced concrete beam according to the methodology presented in SP 52-101-2003, SP 63.13330.2018, with pre-set parameters of the tested loads and strength characteristics of the beam.

Keywords: reinforced concrete beam; normal cracks; strength characteristics.

References

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The early twenty-first century has witnessed a boom in the oil and natural gas production. This boom raises various questions that legal scholars have begun to explore, including questions of technological advancements in the energy sector and their commercialization and protection. This research paper aims to investigate the current state of legal protection of intellectual property rights of companies operating in the oil and gas industry. This paper contains a brief description of the applicable intellectual property rights and provides a comparative legal analysis of the factors influencing the choice of the form of protection of such rights. Comprehensive legal research establishes the strengthening of the role and importance of intangible assets in the energy sector and determines the predominant role of patents, trade secrets and copyrights as the main forms of protection for inventions, technology and information from unauthorized use and unfair competition. This paper substantiates the need for the companies to implement innovative strategies to their portfolio of intangible assets aimed at its diversification and commercialization in the face of growing competition and strong volatility in energy prices.

Keywords: intellectual property; patent; trade secret; innovations; oil and gas industry.

References

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The study of the effect of ferrocene on the molecular weight and polydispersity of poly(methyl methacrylate) obtained by polymerization in solvents differing in polarity (benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate) was carried out. It is shown that both the mass and the number average molecular weights of poly(methyl methacrylate) decrease, and the polydispersity is preserved. It has been found that during the process in the most polar ethyl acetate, the effect of ferrocene on the molecular weight is most significant.

Keywords: methyl methacrylate; ferrocene; solution polymerization; solvent polarity.

References

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Traditional polymer composite materials consist of two or more phases with a clear interfacial boundary, which determines the physical and mechanical properties of plastics. The properties of nanocomposites depend on many parameters: the chemical nature of the polymer, the functionality of the modifier, the methods for obtaining the composite, and the modification of the layered silicate. Silicates are the most numerous class of minerals. They account for approximately one third of the mineral species known in nature, tk. are the most important rock-forming minerals. The use of layered silicates makes it possible to achieve a significant improvement in a number of properties of nanocomposites: a decrease in density, an improvement in the fire resistance of materials, an increase in the surface quality of products, a decrease in abrasive wear of equipment in the production of products from nanocomposites, and an increase in the recyclability of materials. Nano-reinforcement increases, among other things, rigidity and strength, and also significantly reduces the technological shrinkage of the material and improves dimensional stability. Nanostructured surfaces of such materials due to the special relief have very low adhesion energies, thus, the products acquire dirt-repellent properties, their appearance and consumer qualities are improved. In addition, the permeability of the material to gases, vapors, and odors is significantly reduced.

Keywords: fillers; polymer nanocomposites; minerals.

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